GROUP V. ANGIOSPERM.E ; DICOTYLEDOXES. 539 



till later that inconspicuous (cleistogamous, p. 410) flowers with minute 

 petals appear on the leafy stem, and these only ace fertile : in V. tricolor 

 and its allies the stipules are leafy and pinatifid. 



Cohort IV. Guttiferales. Flowers usually cyclic, generally 

 actinomorphic, and pentamerous : sepals usually free, with imbricate 

 aestivation : stamens usually indefinite : gynseceum syncarpous, 

 ovary uni- or multi-locular : seed exalbuminous. 



Order 1. HYPERICACE^E. Formula usually Ko, (75, .40 + 5oo. 

 G 1 - ; or ^40+ 3 oo, 6?'^. Sepals sometimes united at the base : sta- 

 mens usually indefinite and polyadelphous ; 

 when in five bundles, the bundles are super- 

 posed on the petals ; this position of the stamens 

 is generally attributed to the suppression of an 

 outer whorl of stamens which is indicated by 

 staminodes in species of all the genera : ovary 

 uni- or multi-locular, or many-chambered ; 

 capsule septicidal ; ovules numerous, anatro- 



. , , ., W i_ FlG - 350. TiBgram of 



pous ; placentae parietal or axile. Herbs or aypericum caiydnum. 



under-shrubs with decussate entire leaves, 



which are dotted over with translucent oil-glands ; exstipulate. 



The following are examples of the different relative numbers of staminal 

 bundles and of carpels : 



Staminal bundles 5, carpels 5: Hypericum calycinum. 



Staminal bundles 3, carpels 8 : H. Humifusum, hirsutum, montanum, per- 



foratum, undulatum, barbatum. 



Staminal bundles 5, carpels 3: H. Androscemum, hircinum, elalum. 

 Staminal bundles 3, carpels 5 : H. peplidifolium. 



All these species, except the last (St. John's Worts, or Tutsans), occur 

 wild in Britain. 



Cohort V. Malvales. Flowers cyclic, generally pentamerous 

 and actinomorphic : calyx often gamosepalous, with valvate aesti- 

 vation : corolla with usually contorted aestivation : stamens typi- 

 cally in two whorls, frequently obdiplostemonous (p. 452), sometimes 

 branched, and often connate : carpels usually five and then anti- 

 petalous, often forming a multilocular ovary: seed usually with 

 endosperm- 

 Order 1. TILIACE.E. Sepals usually free : stamens 10 or indefi- 

 nite, sometimes polyadelphous ; in the indigenous species the stami- 

 nal whorl opposite to the sepals is suppressed, and there are 5 

 antipetalous staminal bundles ; anthers 4-locular, opening by pores 

 or valves : gynEeceum usually completely syncarpous ; style 1 ; 



