546 



PART IV. CLASSIFICATION. 



resembles that of the Papilionese, but it must be borne in mind 

 that here the two " alee " or wings belong to the calyx. 



FIG. 358. Flower of Polygola gfandiflora. A Seen from outside after the removal of the 

 wing-sepal fc. B Longitudinal section : fc calyx : fc' wing ; c corolla ; s tube of stamens. 

 (After Sachs.) 



The flower of the Polygalacese resembles that of the Aceraceae in the 

 suppression of two stamens in the plane of the two carpels. 



Polyyala vulgar is, amara, and others, the Milkworts, are herbs, woody at 

 the base, occurring in woods and meadows. 



Cohort III. Celastrales. Flowers regular, frequently actino- 

 morphic, 4-5-merous ; only one whorl of stamens, which either 

 alternates with or is opposite to the petals, is usually present : disc 

 usually within, sometimes external to, the androscium : ovules 

 usually erect : the seed nearly always contains endosperm. Trees 

 or shrubs. 



Order 1. CELASTRACE^:. Formula, Ah, Cn, ^4n, G (n) or less, 

 n = 4 or 5: sepals imbricate: stamens and carpels inserted on a 

 flattened disc : stamens alternate with the petals : usually two 

 ovules in each loculus of the ovary : 

 leaves scattered, entire, stipulate. 



In the genus Euonymus, the Spindle-tree, 

 the loculicidal capsule contains seeds in- 

 vested by an orange-coloured arillode (p. 416) ; 

 E. turopwa occurs both cultivated and wild. 



Order 2. RHAMNACE^E. Formula, Kn, 

 Cn, | An, G-~ ; n = 4 or 5 : calyx usually 

 gamosepalous, valvate ; petals usually 

 small and often hood-shaped (Fig. 359 c), 

 enclosing the stamens which are opposite 

 to them : flowers sometimes diclinous : 

 usually a single ovule in each loculus of the ovary which is in- 



Fio. 359. Flower of Ehnminis 

 Frangula (mag.) : fc sepals con- 

 nate at the base iuto a tube (d) ; 

 c hood-shaped petals enclosing 

 the stamens (a) . 



