GROUP V. AXGIOSPERM^E ; DICOTYLEDONES. 547 



vested by a disc : leaves usually scattered, entire, stipulate : fruit 

 a drupe or a capsule. 



Rhamnns catharttca, the Buckthorn, has opposite leaves and thorny 

 twigs : the berries of R. infectoria, in Southern Europe, yield a green or 

 yellow dye : R. Frangula has scattered leaves ; its wood produces a par- 

 ticularly light charcoal. 



Order 3. AMPELIDACEJS. Formula same as in Rhamnacese : 

 sepals small ; the corolla is often thrown off before it opens (Fig. 

 360 A c) : a glandular disc between the androecium and the gynse- 

 ceum : ovules one or two in each loculus : fruit baccate. Climbing 

 plants, with stem-tendrils ; leaves palmate, exstipulate or stipulate. 



Vitis vinifera, the Grape-Vine, probably derived from the East, is culti- 

 vated in endless varieties ; other species, such as V. vulpina and Labrnsca, 

 as also Ampelopsis hederacea, the Virginian Creeper, are also frequently 

 cultivated. The tendrils of the Vine (Fig. 15 A) are branches bearing 

 scaly leaves in the 



axils of which other , 



branches arise : their 

 peculiar position op- 

 posite to the foliage- 

 leaves may be ex- 

 plained as follows : the 

 ordinary shoots are 

 sympodia, and each 



tendril is the terminal 



, , FIG. 360. Flower of Vitis vinifera, and diagram. A At 



segment of a member the moment of opening B Open . fc ca]yx . c corolla . d 



of the sympodmm ; the glands . , 8t a men s ; /ovary ; n stigma (slightly mag.), 

 following member is a 



shoot springing from the axil of the foliage-leaf which is opposite to the 

 tendril. Every third leaf has no tendril opposite to it, that is to say, 

 the members of the sympodium alternately bear one or two leaves. The 

 inflorescences occupy the same positions as the tendrils. Each leaf has 

 also a bud in its axil, which either remains undeveloped or gives rise to a 

 dwarf-shoot: from the axil of the cataphyllary leaf of the dwarf-shoot 

 an ordinary shoot is developed. In some species of Ampelopsis (e.g. A. 

 Veitchii and Roylei) the tendrils attach themselves to flat surfaces by 

 means of discoid suckers developed at their tips. 



SEEIES III. CALYCIFLOR-E. 



Flowers epigynous or perigynous : calyx usually gamosepalous : 

 stamens definite or indefinite : gynseceum syncarpous or apocar- 

 pous. 



Cohort I. Um be Hales. Flowers regular, sometimes actino- 

 morphic, epigynous, with generally a single whorl of stamens 



