554 PART IV. CLASSIFICATION. 



in marshy districts, which it tends to dry up by its active transpiration. 

 Berthdletia excelsn grows in tropical America; its seeds are known as 

 Brazil nuts. 



Punica Granatum, the Pomegranate, grows in Southern Europe ; flowers 

 5-8-merous ; receptacle petaloid ; stamens indefinite ; in the ovary there 

 are two whorls of loculi, an external superior of which the loculi are as 

 numerous as and are opposite to the petals, and an internal inferior 

 consisting of three loculi. 



Cohort IV. Resales. Flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic, 

 usually monoclinous and perigynous : stamens rarely fewer in 

 number than the petals or equal to them, generally indefinite in 

 numerous whorls : gynseceum more or less completely apocarpous : 

 ovules anatropous, suspended or erect : seed generally without 

 endosperm. 



Order 1. ROSACELE. Flowers actinomorphic, rarely zygo- 

 morphic, perigynous : gyngeceum generally apocarpous ; carpels 

 1- oo ; ovules 1 or few, anatropous : fruit various ; seed generally 

 without endosperm : leaves scattered, stipulate ; the odd sepal is 

 posterior (see Fig. 267). 



Tribe 1. Roseau. Carpels numerous, attached to the base and sides of 

 the hollow receptacle, which is narrow above (Fig. 367 C) ; each contains 

 a, single suspended ovule ; when ripe, they are achenes enclosed in the 

 fleshy receptacle : the sepals are frequently persistent at the top of 

 it. Shrubs with imparipinnate leaves; the stipules are adnate to the 

 petiole. 



Many species of Rosa, the Rose, are wild, such as R, arvensis, canina, 

 and rubiyinosa (Sweet-Briar or Eglantine) ; and many others are culti- 

 vated, as R. centifolia, damascene/,, indica, gallica, etc. 



Tribe 2. Spirceece. Carpels usually 5, each containing two or more 

 suspended ovules ; they are inserted upon the floor of the flat open 

 receptacle, and becomfe follicles ; the calyx is persistent till the fruit 

 is ripe. 



Spircea Ulmaria, Meadow-sweet, and S. Filipendula, Dropwort, occur in 

 woods, meadows, etc.; Sp. sorbifoiia, media, ulmifolia, and other species, 

 Kerria japonica, and Rhodoty pus (with drupes), are ornamental shrubs. 



Tribe 3. Prunece. The single carpel, containing two suspended ovules, 

 is inserted on the floor of the receptacle (Figs. 367 A and 368 A) ; the 

 receptacle and the calyx fall off when the fruit is ripe: stamens usually 

 in three whorls of 5 or 10 ; fruit a drupe (p. 475, Fig. 290) ; only one seed 

 is usually present. 



Prunus is the principal genus of the tribe. In the sub-genus Amyg- 

 dalus the fruit has a furrowed coriaceous endocarp ; Prunus Amygdalus 

 (A. communis), the Almond-tree, and nana, are trees of Southern Europe ; 

 P. Persica is the Peach. In the sub-genus Prunophora, the fruit has a 

 smooth, stony endocarp ; P. communis (spinoya) is the Sloe or Blackthorn ; 



