564 PART IV. CLASSIFICATION. 



Ajuga reptans, the Creeping Bugle, and Teucrium Scorodonia, the Wood 

 Germander, are common. 



Cohort II. Personales. Flowers pentamerous, usually dorsi- 

 ventral : stamens epipetalous : the posterior stamen is usually 

 suppressed, or appears as a staminode : carpels 2, median : ovules 

 usually indefinite. 



Order 1. SCROPHULARIACE^E. Ovary bilocular, with numerous 

 auatropous ovules borne on axile placentae : seed with endosperm : 

 stamens four, didynamous, often with a rudimentary fifth posterior 

 stamen (Fig. 378 B, st) ; sometimes only the two lateral stamens are 

 present ; rarely all five are fertile : corolla with imbricate (cochlear) 

 aestivation : general floral formula as in Lamiales. 



Sub-order 1. PSEUDOSOLANE^E. Flower nearly regular : the two pos- 

 terior petals are external, the anterior internal ; stamens usually 5 : 

 leaves scattered. The genus Celsia has only four stamens, whilst in the 

 genus Verbascum (Mullein) there are five. 



Fie. 377. Flcral diagrams, A of most Scrophulariacese ; B of Veronica ; C of the Lenti- 

 bulariacese : o npper, under lip. 



Sub-order 2. AHTIRRHOIDE-E. Flowers irregular : corolla as in the pre- 

 ceding, the two posterior petals forming the upper lip of the corolla : 

 stamens 4 : leaves opposite. Antirrhinum, the Snapdragon, has a pro- 

 jection on the lower lip of the personate corolla, termed the palate ; the 

 corolla is gibbous at the base; stamens 4 (Fig. 378 A, B~) : A. majus, the 

 great Snapdragon, is a well-known garden plant. Linaria has a spurred 

 personate corolla ; stamens 4 : L. vulgaris, the yellow Toad-Flax, is com- 

 mon in fields. In Gratiola the two anterior stamens are represented by 

 staminodes. Paulownia imperialis is an ornamental flowering tree from 

 Japan. Limosella (L. aquatica, the Mudwort) has a sub-campanulate 

 corolla with a short tube. Mimulus (M. luteus, the Yellow Monkey-flower) 

 has a sub-campanulate corolla with a two-lipped limb ; the two lobes of the 

 stigma close together on being touched. Maurandia and Rhodochiton are 

 genera of plants climbing by means of sensitive petioles. Many species of 

 Mimulus (Musk), Calceolaria, Chelone, and Pentstemon, are cultivated. 



Sub-order 3. RHINANTHOIDE^E. Flower irregular : the two posterior 

 petals are overlapped by the lateral petals : stamens 4, or 2. Digitalis, 



