GROUP V. ANGIOSPERM^E ; DICOTYLEDONES. 



571 



or a samara : seeds 1-4, usually with endosperm : stem woody : 

 leaves always decussate. 



Ligustrum has a baccate fruit ; L. vulgare, the Privet, is a common 

 shrub. Olea has a drupaceous fruit ; 0. europcea is the Olive-tree of the 

 East and of Southern Europe. The genus Fraxinus has a winged fruit ; 

 in F. excelsior, the common Ash, the perianth is suppressed and the 

 flowers are polygamous ; in F. Ornus, the Manna-Ash of Southern Europe, 

 the perianth is complete, and the corolla is deeply cleft (Fig. 385 A). The 

 genus Syringa has a tubular corolla with a 4-lobed limb ; & vulgaris 

 is the Lilac. 



The flowers of Jaaminum grandiflorum and other species belonging to 

 Southern Europe, contain a very fragrant ethereal oil. 



Cohort V. Primulales. Flowers actinomorphic, usually pen- 

 tamerous : formula K(o) [C(5) -40 + 5] 67-' : stamens inserted on 

 the tube of the corolla and opposite to its lobes : gynseceum con- 



\\ 



FIG. S86. Heterostyled flowers of Primula elatior in longitudinal section. A Short- 

 styled, B long-styled form; fc calyx; c corolla; a anthers ;/ ovary ; g style; n stigma. 

 Floral diagram of Primula. 



sisting of five connate carpels which are opposite to the sepals ; 

 ovary unilocular, with a free, central placenta or a single central 

 ovule : seed with endosperm. 



Order 1. PRIMULACE^E. Style single : ovules indefinite, on a 

 free central placenta (Fig. 284 G) : the corolla is gamopetalous, 

 tubular below, expanding above into a 5-lobed limb ; it is sup- 

 pressed in the genus Glaux: the stamens (Fig. 386 a) are 

 generally adnate to the tube of the corolla and are opposite to its 

 lobes ; this position of the stamens is explained by assuming the 

 suppression of an outer antisepalous whorl of stamens which is re- 

 presented in some genera (e.g. Soldanella) by petaloid staminodes : 

 fruit a capsule. Herbaceous plants with conspicuous flowers. 



