GROUP V. AXGIOSPERM.E ; DICOTYLEDONES. 



577 



st 



adjacent flowers grow together to form a single berry (e.g. L. alpiyena}. 

 Sf/mphoricarptts racemosus, the Snowberry, has 4-5-locular ovary with 

 white berries ; it is a common ornamental shrub. Diervilla (or Weigelia) 

 has a bilocular capsule ; D. florida and rosea are ornamental shrubs. 

 Linttcea borealis is a small creeping plant in Scotland ; it has 4 unequal 

 stamens, the posterior being suppressed, and a trilocular ovary. 



Cohort III. Asterales. Flower either irregular or regular, 

 pentamerous, with oligomery in the gynaeceum : calyx inconspicu- 

 ous, often, wanting : stamens epipetalous, alternating with the seg- 

 ments of the corolla : ovary 

 unilocular, ovule solitary. 



Order 1. VALERIAXACE.E. 

 Flower irregular : calyx rudi- 

 mentary, sometimes eventu- 

 ally assuming the form of a 

 hairy crown of ten rays, 

 called a pappus, which is 

 not developed until after 

 flowering (Fig. 393 , p) ; 

 during flowering it remains 

 short and infolded (Fig. 393 

 A, k) : stamens 1-4, usually 

 three : carpels three, of which, 

 however, usually only one 

 developes, so that the fruit 

 is unilocular (Diagram A, 

 Fig. 393) ; ovule single, 

 suspended: seed without en- 

 dosperm : leaves decussate, 

 exstipulate. 



Of the genera occurring in 

 Britain, Valeriana and Centran- 

 thus have a pappus, whilst Vale- 

 rianella has not. Valeriana 

 officinal is, and dtoiccr, are com- 

 mon in damp places. Valerianella has a toothed calyx-limb ; many 

 species are common in fields: Vaterianella olitorict, Corn-salad, or Laml>'>- 

 lettuce, is eaten. Centranthns ruber is an ornamental plant ; only one 

 stamen and one carpel are developed (Fig. 893, Diagram ); at the base 

 of the tube of the corolla is a spur which is indicated in Valeriana by a 

 protuberance. 



FIG. 393. .4 Flower, B Fruit of Valerian : 

 ovary ; t calyx ; c corolla ; a spur ; st stamens 

 g style ; p pappus. Floral diagram*, A of 

 Valerian; abortive carpels x x : B of Cen- 

 trantbus. 



Order .2. 



M.B. 



DIPSACE.E. 



Flower more or less dorsiventral, sur- 

 p P 



