580 



PART IV. CLASSIFICATION. 



America, are cultivated as ornamental plants, as also Callisteplius hortensis, 

 commonly known as the China Aster. Erigeron acre, alpinum, and cana- 

 dense occur in England ; the last is an imported weed. Bellis perennis, the 

 Daisy, has no pappus. Solidago virgaurea is the Golden Rod. 



Tribe 3. Senecionidece. Leaves alternate : ray-florets in one row, ligulate 

 $ , rarely absent : branches of the style tufted at the tips. 



Senecio vulyaris, the common Groundsel, has no ray-florets. Arnica mon- 

 tana occurs in Alpine woods. Two species of Doronicum (D. Pardalianches 

 and plantagineuini) have become naturalized in England. Petasitesvulgaris, 

 the Butter-bur, and Tussilago Farfara, the common Coltsfoot, are common 

 in damp fields. 



FIG. 397. Flowers of Compositae : / fruit or ovary ; fc its beak ; p pappus ; c corolla ; s 

 stamens ; o anthers ; n stigmata. A Ligulate flower of Taraxacum, with a 5-toothed corolla- 

 limb, $ . B Capitnlum of Achillea: ra floret of the ray, with ligulate 3-toothed corolla, ? ; 

 in $ florets of the disc, with a 6-toothed tubular corolla ; t involucre. C Longitudinal 

 section more highly magnified ; r receptacle ; t involucre ; d bracteoles (paleae) ; ra floret 

 of the ray ; m florets of the disc ; n' stigmata of the ? flowers. D Fruit of Tanacetum 

 with a scaly pappus : E of Taraxacum, with a hairy pappus ; Ji beak : F of Artemisia with- 

 out a pappus (mag.). 



Tribe 4. Anthemidece. Leaves alternate: ray-florets $ , ligulate or tubu- 

 lar : branches of style tufted at the tips : involucral bracts scarious : 

 pappus 0, or minute. 



Artemisia Absinthium, Wormwood, A. vulyaris and campestris are common : 

 Chrysanthemum Leucantkemum, the Ox-eye Daisy, is common in fields : 

 Matricaria Chamomilla, the Wild Chamomile, has a hollow conical recep- 



