270 INFECTIVE DISEASES. 



that there were numerous adhesions by recent soft lymph between 

 the .lower lobes of the lung and the costal pleura. In the 

 liver there were several reddish streaks and patches. The spleen 

 and kidneys, with the exception of slight congestion, appeared 

 normal. 



Sections of the kidney showed well-marked glomerulo-nephritis 

 and infiltration of the sheath of the cortical arterioles with numerous 

 round cells. The epithelium of the convoluted tubules was swollen, 

 opaque, and in many places disintegrating. 



In the other cow there was great congestion of the lungs and 

 pleural adhesions ; the cortex of the kidney was congested, but its 

 medulla was pale. 



On microscopic examination there was a good deal of round- 

 celled infiltration in the walls of the inf undibula and bronchi in the 

 lung, and round the arterioles in the kidney. 



In sections of the ulcers on the teats, the corium was found to be 

 infiltrated throughout the whole extent of the ulcer with round 

 cells. In the superficial layers of the stratum Malpighi, close to 

 the stratum lucidum, as also in the stratum lucidum itself, there 

 were numerous cavities of different sizes. These cavities lay side by 

 side, the most superficial ones being covered by the stratum lucidum, 

 or extending between the layers of this stratum. 



At the marginal parts the cavities, although placed side by side, 

 were well separated from one another by thicker or thinner 

 trabeculse, composed of epithelium, while at or near the centre of 

 the ulcer these trabeculse were destroyed, the cavities had become 

 confluent, and the covering layers of the cuticle having here also 

 given way. their contents extended on to the free surface of the 

 ulcer. In short, Klein states that all the anatomical details of 

 the distribution and arrangement of these cavities recalled vividly 

 the conditions observed in the vesicles of cow-pox. Yet as a result 

 of this investigation he concluded that the cow disease at Hendoii 

 was bovine scarlatina, and that towards its study and supervision 

 every effort ought to be directed in order to check the spread of 

 scarlet fever in man. 



As a result of this conclusion, the Board of Agriculture resolved 

 to have the whole subject fully investigated, and the author was 

 directed to study the bacteriology and micro-pathology of this disease 

 and to report thereon. Professor Axe investigated the origin of 

 the outbreak of the disease in the cows, and Professor M'Fadyean 

 carried out an investigation into the possibility of inoculating cows 

 with the virus from cases of scarlet fever in man. 



