672 SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX. 



with cow-pox ; from the pustule on the arm of this child he inoculated 

 another, and from this again several, and from one of these latter a fourth 

 in Succession, and then a fifth. To three of these the " variolous test" 

 was applied, and it is stated with the same results. 



Woodville's Lymph . 



The experiences of Jenner did not stand alone. His results and 

 views attracted great attention, and in the early part of the year 1790 

 Woodville and Pearson, who were physicians to the Small-pox Hospital 

 in London, commenced making experiments with vaccine matter with 

 a view to ascertain whether it afforded protection against small-pox. 

 They arrived, like Jenner, at the conclusion that it did. 



In January 1799 Woodville, having found cow-pox to be present in 

 a " dairy " at Gray's Inn Lane, inoculated seven persons at the Small- 

 pox Hospital with matter from one of the cows at the "dairy," and 

 other persons with matter from sores on a dairymaid employed at 

 the same place who had become infected from the cows. From these 

 cases he inoculated in succession others at the Hospital, eventually to 

 the number of many hundreds, and thus established the stock of what 

 has been spoken of as " Woodville's lymph." Pearson also at the same 

 time occupied himself with the question of inoculation with the 

 cow-pox, writing a pamphlet about it. Woodville and he distributed 

 to many persons in this country and abroad quantities of the lymph 

 from the Hospital ; and this was the beginning of the more general 

 practice of vaccination, for Jenner's stock of lymph, the results of 

 which he had described in his treatise, had come to an end. 



Although Woodville's "Hospital lymph" appears to have been 

 widely distributed by himself and by Pearson, and thus to have been 

 the source of the lymph used in vaiious places in the early days of 

 vaccination, it was not the only source, even in those days. Pearson 

 also obtained lymph from cow-pox at a dairy in the Marylebone Road, 

 and used this " in certain situations," which may be presumed to 

 include places elsewhere than in the Hospital. He also speaks of 

 having obtained lymph from the cow from a third source. Jenner 

 again, who received and used some of Woodville's Hospital lymph, also 

 obtained lymph from some other sources : for instance, from a cow 

 at a Mr. Clark's farm in Kentish Town. Further, Woodville in 1800 

 speaks of his having at various times procured the vaccine virus as 

 produced in different cows, which when used at the Hospital produced 

 the same effects as the Gray's Inn Lane lymph. We are not justified 

 in assuming that an account of every new source of lymph was 

 published ; and there may have been others, it is impossible to say 

 how many, than those just mentioned. In any case Woodville's 

 Hospital lymph was not the only lymph used in those early days ; not 

 only, however, was it largely used (indeed, we have no evidence of so 

 widespread a use of lymph derived from any other source), but the 

 use of it marks the definite beginning of the practice of vaccination ; 

 and the history of it demands special notice. 



