xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



from activities to the structures that perform the 

 activities; to give him a real sense of the organiza- 

 tion and differentiation of a complex animal, and 

 of the division of labor that accompanies it; to help 

 him to realize that we are seeking to study the na- 

 ture of the life processes and relations even when 

 we are studying the dead bodies of animals. 

 Time. 10-20 period^. 



CHAPTER IX. 



THE GENERAL ANIMAL FUNCTIONS AND THEIR AP- 

 PROPRIATE ORGANS 72 



Objects. To organize and correlate the data gained 

 by the student in Chapter VIII; to make him 

 realize that all animals must do much the same 

 work which he discovered to be done by the grass- 

 hopper and crayfish, and that the differences in ani- 

 mals are chiefly in the special ways in which this is 

 done; to teach the proper use of reference books in 

 testing and enlarging conclusions derived from 

 personal observation and study; to furnish a gener- 

 eral conception with which the special types of 

 animals discussed later may be compared. 

 Time. 4-5 periods. 



CHAPTER X. 



REPRODUCTION AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT 98 



Objects. To give the student a general view of the 

 essential facts in the profoundly important process 

 of reproduction, which in the very nature of the case 

 he cannot get in any satisfactory degree by direct 

 observation; to suggest the process of individual 

 development or evolution. This serves as an intro- 

 duction to the philosophical and theoretical part 

 of biology. 

 Time. 2-3 periods. 



