ZOOLOGY AND ITS PURPOSE. 3 



tions. It shows him how to observe and how to reach 

 safe conclusions from his observations. It trains in 

 mental accuracy and in self-reliance. This is the educa- 

 tional phase. 



3 . .The Relations of Zoology to the Other Sciences. Any 



department of human knowledge, properly systematized, 

 is spoken of as a science. The science most closely re- 

 lated to Zoology is Botany, which treats of plants in all 

 their relations. Botany and Zoology, dealing as they do 

 with life and living things, are classed together as Biology. 



We commonly think of Chemistry and Physics as 

 dealing chiefly with non-living and inorganic matter, 

 and thus as being in contrast with Biology; but as 

 a matter of fact we cannot understand Biology with- 

 out taking both Chemistry and Physics into account. 

 The chemical elements, w T hich we find in living matter, 

 are found equally in non-living matter, and so far as we 

 know are subject to the same laws in the living object 

 as on the outside. 



Astronomy deals only with non-living things, as the 

 stars and sun and planets; but the astronomical rela- 

 tions of the sun and earth which give rise to day and 

 night, to the seasons, and the like, are of the very greatest 

 importance to all life on the earth. 



Similarly Geology, which treats of the earth as a unit 

 and of its forces and history, and Meteorology, which 

 deals with the atmospheric conditions, are sciences which 

 bear closely on the condition of life, and hence are re- 

 lated in a direct way to the subject of Zoology. 



4. The Divisions of the Subject. Zoology, in its broadest 

 sense, includes all the facts relating to the life of animals. 

 This embraces man, quite as truly as the lower animals; 



