FORMS OF MATTER. 



35 



e. Classification of Objects. In classifying we place objects together 

 in groups in accordance with their essential similarities and dissim- 

 ilarities. The value of a given classification depends on the basis 

 used and on the accuracy with which the preceding steps have been 

 taken. 



The value of the power of accurate classification is considerable. 

 Classifying furnishes one of the first resting places for the mind 

 in its investigations. We are not satisfied, on observing a new 

 phenomenon, until we are able to classify it with or near to some 

 other, already known to us. 



Classify the pupils in the class, or the books in the library. How 

 many and what bases can you use? What different results do you 

 get? 



f. Inferences, or the Deduction of Rules or Principles. A scientific 

 classification is one mode of expressing certain truths. These 

 truths, however, may be put into definite statements. The power 

 to make correct inferences from known facts is one of the most 

 important which a student can acquire. 



g. When a student has taken all these steps and has reached the 

 conclusions that seem most probable in the light of all the facts he 

 has, he should still hold this conclusion as subject to possible modi- 

 fication by the discovery of new facts. ' This attitude of mind we 

 call the "scientific spirit," and the method of work outlined in this 

 chapter is called the "scientific method." One of the chief purposes 

 of the study of the sciences is to give the pupil this spirit and method. 



It is not necessary for the student to stop and take these various 

 steps consciously in every investigation; but he should recognize 

 that these are the normal steps to truth, and be able to know which 

 he is taking at any moment. 



45. Practical Exercise. Suppose you were proposing to select a 

 limited number of friends out of one hundred new students. In 

 order to do this wisely and satisfactorily to yourself, would any of 

 the processes described in this chapter be necessary? Illustrate 

 fully. 



