372 ELEMENTARY ZOOLOGY. 



and of his adaptability. They have arisen and have 

 been increased by the natural tendency to vary, by the 

 effects of climate, by migration and isolation, by inter- 

 breeding, by conscious selection of mates in accordance 

 with local standards of attractiveness, and the like. This 

 phase of zoology is known as Ethnography. 



366. Topics for Themes in Zoology or English. i. 



Study the effects of tropical conditions on the human 

 race, as judged by the races of men now found there: 

 Effects on skin ; on physical and mental states ; on indus- 

 trial and social life. 



2. Study similarly the effects of life in the temperate 

 zones. What is the value to man of the alternation of 

 summer and winter, in encouraging thrift and foresight; 

 in the permanency and character of homes, etc. The 

 effects of these things on stability of government and of 

 social institutions generally. 



3. Similarly study the conditions of extreme cold, as 

 seen in the life of the Esquimos, Finns, Laplanders, and 

 the like. 



4. Where were the highest examples of aboriginal civili- 

 zation on the American continent when it was discovered? 

 Describe. 



5. Describe the steps whereby the clan, the tribe, and 

 the nation may be built up with the home as the starting- 

 point. What new personal qualities are called for and 

 cultivated by the social life of the tribe? 



6. Illustrate the effects of the physical geography of 

 the earth on man's life and history. Examples: Egypt; 

 Greece; Palestine; the Mediterranean Sea; the depression 

 formed by the Hudson River and Lake Champlain; the 

 Allegheny mountains; effects of continents on races. 



