HISTORY OF BACTERIOLOGY 7 



a considerable number of microorganisms, related to im- 

 portant diseases, were grown artificially, and their relation 

 to the disease process definitely established, such as those of 

 cholera, diphtheria, typhoid fever, and those associated with 

 suppuration. More recently, with the discovery of Novy 

 that certain protozoa could be grown artificially, there has 

 been a great awakening along this line and important dis- 

 coveries have been made. In 1880, Pasteur discovered that he 

 could protect an animal from an attack of a disease by inocu- 

 lating an attenuated culture. The work was first done with 

 the germ of chicken cholera but later with Bacterium anthra- 

 cis, and this was the beginning of the scientific development 

 of protective inoculation, empirically discovered by Jenner, 

 when he devised the smallpox vaccination. In 1895, Behring 

 and Roux discovered the anti-toxin for diphtheria. This 

 was the beginning of the important work on serum therapy 

 which is being developed at the present time, and it was also 

 the starting point for much of the important work which has 

 been done on the theories of immunity. 



