BUILDING THE RANGE 75 



concrete footings. If houses are to be uneven-span, posts 

 for the north wall must be longer. They should be at 

 least three feet in grout. Side-walls of large houses ought 

 to be at least six feet above grade. The posts are placed 

 about five feet apart and should be made of some durable 

 material, such as cypress, cedar or chestnut. They are 

 then sheathed on the outside with hemlock boards, planed 

 on at least one side, and this planed side is placed on the 

 interior of the house, for a smooth surface is less susceptible 

 to decay. The outside of the boards is then covered 

 with building paper and this in turn is covered as high as 

 the glazing sill with matched boards or patent siding. 

 The glazing sill is from eighteen inches to three feet 

 high as in concrete side-walls. Above the glazing sill as 

 far as the eaves, are upright sash-bars and glass, or ven- 

 tilators for side ventilation, if such are used. Pipe posts 

 may be used instead of wooden, and the wooden side-walls 

 attached to them by means of U-bolts. 



Pipe posts embedded in foundations, with curtain-wall of 

 cement. In the fourth type, two and one-half or three- 

 inch iron pipe is used for the supporting posts. They are 

 of the' same length as the wooden posts just described, 

 and are placed in the foundations in a similar way. A so- 

 called " curtain-wall " of solid cement, and about four 

 inches thick, is built above the foundations to the desired 

 height, and is capped with a wooden glazing-sill (Fig. 

 13). Holes, of the same diameter as the pipe posts, are 

 bored in the sills. The sills are slipped over the posts 

 and are held in place by iron lugs which are fastened to 

 the posts by means of a set-screw. 



Pipe posts embedded in solid cement walls. The fifth 

 type of side-wall is similar to the fourth, but instead of 

 the curtain-wall, a solid cement wall eight or ten inches 



