CUT-FLOWER CROPS 249 



straw ; this should not be done before the last of Novem- 

 ber, or the plants may be smothered. The hybrid per- 

 petuals rarely require straw protection. 



In the northern states, standard roses which are budded 

 high on manetti stock should be buried in a trench at 

 least two feet deep which has first been lined with straw. 

 The standards are dug from the soil where they have been 

 growing during the summer, and laid in this trench. 

 They are covered with soil to a depth of at least six inches, 

 and the soil covered with leaves. Near the middle of 

 April they may be taken out again and planted. 



310. Pruning roses. Hybrid perpetuals, teas and moss 

 roses are best grown as bushy plants. They should be 

 severely pruned in early spring, removing from two- 

 thirds to four-fifths of the last season's growth. All weak 

 shoots should be cut out. This pruning results in strong 

 canes which produce large flowers. Weaker varieties 

 should be pruned more severely than vigorous growers. 



Climbing roses need not be pruned as severely as those 

 just described. The older canes should be removed from 

 time to time and weak growth cut out so that strong canes 

 may produce many flower-spurs for the next season. The 

 half-climbing roses of the multiflora type, and the sweet- 

 briers, are pruned as little as possible, and only the weaker 

 growths are removed. The flowering wood is left on the 

 plants if fruit for winter effects is desired. 



The trailing roses are seldom pruned. Such briers as 

 the yellow and Scotch produce their flowers on short 

 spurs, and, therefore, are not severely pruned. The Scotch 

 and the rugosa, however, are benefited by being cut to 

 the ground about once in six or seven years. When 

 pruned extensively they produce immense quantities of 

 foliage and comparatively few flowers. 



