CHAPTER VII 

 CELLULAR RESISTANCE 



PHAGOCYTOSIS. 



INTRODUCTION. 



THE PROCESS OF PHAGOCYTOSIS. 



MUTUAL APPROACH (CHEMOTAXIs). 

 INGESTION. 

 DIGESTION. 



CELLS WHICH PARTICIPATE. 

 FUNCTIONS OF THE PROCESS. 

 EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION. 

 MECHANISM OF PHAGOCYTOSIS. 



PHYSICAL BASIS. 

 OPSONINS. 



INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION. 

 EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION. 

 NORMAL OPSONINS. 

 IMMUNE OPSONINS. 



BACTERIOTROPI N S . 



OPSONINS FOR CELLS OTHER THAN BACTERIA. 

 SPECIFICITY AND OTHER CHARACTERS. 



INFLUENCE OF PHAGOCYTE AND INGESTED ELEMENTS. 

 RELATION OF BACTERIAL VIRULENCE. 

 INFLUENCES OPERATING UPON PHAGOCYTES. 

 ANALYSIS OF MECHANISM OF PHAGOCYTOSIS. 

 OTHER MANIFESTATIONS OF CELLULAR RESISTANCE. 



INTRODUCTION. 

 THE LEUCOCYTES. 



BACTERICIDAL EXTRACTS. 



LEUCOCYTE ANTIBODY. 

 LEUCOCYTE ENZYMES. 



LEUCOCYTE EXTRACTS FOR THERAPEUSIS. 

 SPECIFIC HYPERLEUCOCYTOSIS. 

 THE LYMPHOCYTES. 

 THE PLATELETS. 

 THE INFLUENCE OF INFLAMMATION. 



PHAGOCYTOSIS 



Introduction. Metchnikoff has defined the phagocyte as a cell 

 capable of ingesting foreign bodies. Similarly the process of phago- 

 cytosis can be referred to as the process of ingestion of foreign bodies 

 by a cell. In the study of unicellular organisms and of certain lower 

 forms of multicellular organisms it has been found that the process 

 of phagocytosis is an important means of obtaining nutrition. That 

 such a simple process could have any bearing on the resistance of 

 vertebrates to disease was not pointed out for many years. The very 

 earliest study of bacteriology and immunity led to the knowledge of the 

 fact that the injection of bacteria into animals led, under favorable 

 conditions, to the disappearance of these bacteria. The investigation 

 of the cause of this disappearance resulted first in the belief that it was 

 due to solution of the bacteria by body fluids, more especially the blood. 

 Certain early investigators had noticed that following such injections 

 of bacteria the bacteria might appear within tissue cells, but Panum 



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