BACTERIOLOGY OF WATER AND MILK 183 



by- microorganisms. The cause of this particular trouble seems 

 to be due to one species, Bacillus su~bviscorum, described by 

 Adametz. The organism causing this trouble exists, according 

 to the investigations of Adametz 8 and Ward, 9 in water from 

 which it accidentally, or through carelessness in cleansing the 

 milk pails and cans, gains entrance to the milk. To eliminate 

 the trouble which it causes it is simply necessary to actually 

 scald the pails, strainers and cans used in retaining and hand- 

 ling the milk. 



Hunziker 10 made a careful study of the germicidal action 

 of milk (1) from individual cows, (2) mixed milk of the en- 

 tire dairy, and (3) the influence of different temperatures 

 upon this action. A sample of the milk from each cow was 

 divided into three parts, placed in sterile flasks, one of which 

 was kept at each of the temperatures of 40, 55 and 70 F., 

 respectively. Agar plate cultures were made immediately 

 after milking, and at intervals of three hours until 48 hours 

 had elapsed. Fifteen cows were thus tested. The first two. 

 May and Ida, were milked in the ordinary way into separate 

 pails, no special precautions being taken to prevent contamina- 

 tion from without. The samples of the milk from the other 

 cows were obtained under rigid precautions against particles 

 of dust or other contaminations. The teats, the udder and 

 the parts immediately surrounding the latter were carefully 

 washed with a 1-1000 solution of corrosive sublimate and then 

 dried with a clean towel. From the moistened udders the milk 

 was drawn into sterile flasks, which were held in a nearly 

 horizontal position to prevent microorganisms from falling 

 into them. About the same quantity of milk was taken from 

 each teat. A tabulated summary of this experiment is ap- 

 pended. 



8 Landwirthschaftliche Jahrbiicher, 1891, p. 185. Earlier and 

 less complete reference ,to this organism are to be found in the 

 Milch Zeitung, 1889, No. -48, p. 941. 



9 Ward. Bulletin No. 165, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Station, 

 1899. 



10 Hunziker. Bulletin No. 197, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Station, 

 1901. 



