266 MICROBIOLOGY 



different sources are closely related, the descriptions given by 

 different workers vary to quite an extent. Until this entire 

 group is carefully monographed, it seems necessary to refer 

 to the different species. The species that have been described 

 as pathogenic for domesticated animals are those of swine 

 plague, chicken cholera, septicemia hemorrhagica, rabbit sep- 

 ticemia, and goose septicemia. Bacteria apparently belonging 

 to this group have been isolated from a number of other mor- 

 bid conditions in different animals, but unfortunately their 

 descriptions are not sufficiently full to warrant their further 

 consideration here. 



BACTERIUM C HOLER AE-GALLIN ARUM (FLUGGE) MIGULA. 



Synonyms. Bacillus of fowl cholera; Bacillus cholerae 

 gallinarum Fliigge. 1 



Place in nature. This organism is the specific cause of 

 the disease of fowls known as chicken cholera. It is the same 

 morphologically as the bacterium that causes goose septi- 

 cemia. 2 It is not known to exist in nature, except in infected 

 fowls. As already stated, Lignieres reports that members of 

 this group exist as saprophytic organisms. Further investiga- 

 tions are necessary on this point. This bacterium was dis- 

 covered independently by Perroncito, 3 Toussaint 4 and Pas- 

 teur. 5 It was first reported in this country by Salmon. 6 Mi- 

 gula identifies this organism with that of rabbit septicemia. 



Morphology. The individual organisms are short, with 

 rounded ends. They usually occur singly, but a few are seen 



1 Fliigge. Die Mikroorganismen, 1886. 



2 Curtice. Bulletin No. 86, R. I. Agric. Exp. Station, 1902. 

 M'Fadyean. Jour. Comp. Path, and Therap., Vol. XV (1902) 



p. 162. 



3 Perroncito. Arch. f. wiss. u. prakt. Thierheilkunde, 1879,. 

 p. 22. 



4 Toussaint. Compt. rendu de 1'Acad. des Sci., Vol. XC (1890) 

 p. 428. 



3 Pasteur. Compt. rendu de 1'Acad. des Sci., Vol. XC (1880) p. 

 239, 952 and 1030. Ibid., Vol. XCI (1881) p. 673. 

 6 Salmon. Report U. S. Com. Agric., 1880-1882. 



