268 MICROBIOLOGY 



tube at the level of the surface of the fluid. In acid bouillon 

 the growth is less marked, and no accumulations of bacteria 

 have been noticed at either surface or bottom of the liquid. 

 Eeaction becomes alkaline in old cultures. In bouillon con- 

 taining one per cent glucose in the fermentation tube, the 

 liquid throughout the tube becomes slightly clouded in 

 twenty- four hours and remains so. The reaction becomes acid 

 in two days. No gas is formed. 



Life conditions and properties. It is an aerobe and 

 facultative anaerobe. Its most favorable temperature for 

 multiplication is 37.5 C. It produces indol. 



Resistance. It is destroyed at 57 C. in ten minutes 7 

 and by an exposure of one hour to direct sunlight in thin 

 cover-glass preparations made from young (24 hour) cultures. 

 It is quickly killed with 1 to 1000 solution of corrosive sub- 

 limate. 



Pathogenesis. It is fatal to fowls inoculated with 1 

 cc. of a bouillon culture, subcutaneously or in the vein, in a 

 short time. Smaller doses cause death in from 3 to 5 days. 

 Babbits die in from 15 to 36 hours after subcutaneous injec- 

 tion of a small quantity of a bouillon culture. 



Cornil and Toupet 8 have described a bacterium as the 

 cause of cholera in ducks which is very similar in all of its 

 characteristics to the bacterium of fowl cholera. Migula has 

 designated it Bacterium anatis. 



Fiorentini 9 has described an organism which he found to 

 be the cause of an epizootic among swans. His description 

 shows that it is very similar in its morphology and cultural 

 characters to that of fowl cholera. Migula has designated it 

 Bacterium cygni. 



7 Ward. Bulletin No. 156, Univ. of Calif. Agric. Exp. Station, 

 1904. 



8 Cornil and Toupet. Compt. rendu de 1'Acad. de Sciences de 

 Paris, Vol. CVI, p. 1747. 



Fiorentini. Centralbl. f. Bakt, Bd. XIX (1896) p. 932. 



