HIGHER BACTERIA 369 



flavus and A. niger, as bearing some etiological relation to other 

 diseases in animals, particularly certain forms of meningitis. 

 Virchow 22 described three cases of pneumonomycosis. The 

 work of Grohe, 23 Block, 24 Grawitz 25 and others has greatly ex- 

 tended our knowledge of the hyphomycetae in their relation 

 to disease. 



Rothwell 26 found both Aspergillus niger and A. fumi- 

 gatus are capable experimentally of producing lesions that 

 resemble one another histologically, biit that A. fumigatus 

 caused the death of the animals whereas A. niger did not. He 

 also found that both species were capable of germinating in the 

 living tissues. He concludes that A. fumigatus is more patho- 

 genic than A. niger but that the latter is capable of producing 

 lesions in living animal tissues. 



Torula infections. Prothingham -~ discovered a tumor- 

 like lesion in the lung of a horse caused by a torula. He de- 

 scribes the organism as follows. 



1 ' In wort gelatin there was an extensive and ever-increas- 

 ing surface growth which sank with the gradual liquefaction 

 of the medium. 



"Wort is the best medium for growth. 



"The organism is facultative anaerobic. 



"No mycelia were observed. 



"There were many 'resting cells'. 



"It was pathogenic for guinea pigs." 



TRICHOPHYTON TONSURANS. 



Place in nature. This is the cause of "ring worm" in 

 man, horses, cattle and dogs. It rarely if ever occurs in sheep 

 and hogs. It is said to be very common in calves. Morpho- 



22 Virchow. Virchow's Archiv, 1856. 



23 Grohe. Berliner klin. Woch., 1870. 



24 Block. .Zur Kennt. der Pilzbildung in der Geweben des 

 thierschen Organismus. Inaug. Dis., Greifswald, 1870. 



2> Grawitz. Virchow's Archiv, Bd. LXXXI (1880) p. 355. 



26 Rothwell. Jour, of Path, and Bact., Vol. VII (1900) p. 34. 



27 Frothingham. The Jour, of Medical Research, Vol. VIII (1902) 

 p. 31. 



