PROTOZOA 



407 



the bodies of geese (and in case it is identical with Treponema 

 (Spirochaeta) gallinarum, of fowls) has not been determined. 

 Morphology. This organism is a spiral, varying from 10 

 to 18 ju in length. It is reported to be actively motile, although 

 flagella have not been demonstrated. According to Balfour, 

 it undergoes changes in the body of the intermediate host 

 ( Ar gas persicus) . It can be demonstrated by carbol fuchsin, 

 Leishmann's and Giemsa's stains. It has not been cultivated 

 on artificial media. Geese, ducks, fowls and sparrows have 

 been inoculated. Rabbits, 

 guinea pigs, horses and 

 man are not susceptible. 



The genus Treponema is 

 without undulating mem- 

 brane but with flagella. 

 This genus includes the 

 following species. 



Treponema pallidum 

 Schaudinn, 1905. Found 

 in lesions of frambesia or 



Fig. 92. Treponema anserina 

 from the blood of a goose. (After 

 Cantacuzene). 



yaws. 



T. anserinum Sakharoff, 

 1890. Found in the blood 

 of geese suffering from a 

 certain disease. 



T. gallinarum Marchoux and Salimbeni, 1903. Discovered 

 in the blood of chickens. 



T. Theileri Laveran and Vallee, 1904. Discovered in the 

 blood of cattle. 



T. muris Wenyon (Tr. Laverani Breini and Kinghorn). 

 Found in the blood of mice. 



SPIROCHAETA. 



Classification and place in nature. Spirochaetes are still 

 considered by some writers as bacteria and by others as pro- 

 tozoa. They were first described by Ehrenberg in 1838. 



