CONTENTS ix 



PAGE 



land 122; Rural as distinguished from urban migrations, 125; Rural 

 migrations are toward abundant land, 126; Urban migrations are toward 

 wider markets, 127 ; Shifting from rural to urban industries, 129; Rela- 

 tion of colonization to national greatness, 129. 



II. WAYS OF ECONOMIZING LAND. Importance of the question, 130; 

 Causes of waste land, 132; Bad physical conditions, 133; Stony land, 

 133 ; Wet land, 139; The example of Holland, 140; Dryland, 142 ; Irri- 

 gation, 142; Dry farming, 147; Bad chemical conditions, 150; Alkali 

 land, 150; Salt marshes, 152; Bad political conditions, 152. 



III. WAYS OF ECONOMIZING LAND (CONTINUED). Getting a larger 

 product per acre, 155; Substituting heavy-yielding for light-yielding 

 crops, 157; Effect on the standard of living, 162; Vegetable vs. meat 

 diet, 163; Intensive cultivation, 166; Harder work, 167 ; Smaller farms, 

 168 ; More hired laborers, 170; More capital, 171 ; More intelligence, 172. 



IV. LABOR AS A FACTOR IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION. Econo- 

 mizing labor means a large product per man, 175; Why intensive 

 cultivation is not always economical of labor, 176; Why the farmer cul- 

 tivates his second-best land, 177; Why more land is better than less 

 land, 178; Experimental proofs, 182; Waste labor, 184; The unem- 

 ployed, 185 ; The improperly employed, 185 ; The imperfectly employed, 

 186; The voluntarily idle, 186; Dissipated energy, 187 ; Shall we econ- 

 omize labor or land, 188; How the alternative presents itself, 189; 

 Adequate capital necessary, 194 ; inefficiency of peasant farming, 197 ; 

 Scientific knowledge, 199; A progressive attitude, 200. 



V. CAPITAL AS A FACTOR IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION. What 

 are economic goods, 202 ; Producers' and consumers' goods, 204 ; What 

 is capital, 204 ; Money and capital, 207 ; Relation of abstinence to cap- 

 ital, 208 ; In what sense capital is productive, 209 ; How capital is 

 increased, 210; Ways of economizing in the use of money, 211 ; Credit, 

 212; Organization of exchange, 213; Thrift, 213; Security, 214; Taxa- 

 tion, 215 ; The law' of proportions, 216. 



CHAPTER IV. MANAGEMENT AS A FACTOR IN AGRICUL- 

 TURAL PRODUCTION 224 







The manager as economizer, 224. 



I. FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS, OR PROBLEMS OF INVESTMENT. Owner- 

 ship or tenancy, 226; Cash or share tenancy, 231 ; Salaried managers, 

 234 ; What to produce, 234; Staple products vs. specialties, 235; Rea- 

 sons for diversification, 236; Competing and noncompeting crops, 237; 

 Rotation of crops, 239 ; Large^ medium-, or small-seal e farming, 239 ; 

 of mediumj&cale farming, 241 ; Advantages of large-scale 



