FACTORS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 127 



area and locate in or near a densely populated area. This is 

 in harmony with the general principle that those whose success 

 depends mainly on land tend to scatter, and those whose suc- 

 cess depends mainly upon markets tend to concentrate. But 

 it is only in the case of agricultural specialties that success 

 depends mainly upon markets. The growing of agricultural 

 specialties, however, forms a very small and insignificant part 

 of the total agricultural production, otherwise they would not be 

 specialties. The tendency of growers of these specialties to 

 concentrate does not offset the larger tendency of the growers 

 of rhe great staple crops to scatter. 



Urban migrations are toward wider markets. The propo- 

 sition that the migrations of urban populations are uniformly 

 from less densely to more densely populated areas needs several 

 qualifications. In the first place, as pointed out before, the tend- 

 ency is really to move to those places where markets are ex- 

 panding most rapidly. Wherever it happens that markets are 

 expanding more rapidly in small than in large towns and cities, 

 the movement will be toward the small places. But, speaking 

 generally, the tendency is the other way. The larger the city, 

 the more rapidly its trade area seems to grow. In common lan- 

 guage, the large city seems to "draw" trade. "Trade attracts 

 trade," is another way of putting it. When a certain city comes 

 to be known as a place where a certain article can always 

 be bought in considerable quantity and variety, buyers natu- 

 rally tend to go to that city. When a new manufacturer, or 

 would-be manufacturer, is looking for a place to locate his fac- 

 tory, he in turn tends to locate at that place where buyers are 

 accustomed to go. This, again, draws more buyers, and these, 

 again, attract more producers. Thus a trade or manufacturing 

 center seems to grow by what it feeds upon. 



Again, as such a center of trade and manufacturing increases 

 in si^.e, there grows up an intense competition for the central sites 



