R. M. Teague Nurseries, San Dimas, CaL 
left to be done only once a year, and the result to 
the tree is much more satisfactory. Lemon trees are 
headed at about the same height as orange trees and 
the same general rule as to allowing the branches to 
reach the ground applies. These lower limbs protect 
the trunk of the tree from the sun and also shade the 
ground around the tree. Having the trees headed 
low is also an advantage when it comes to gathering 
the fruit, as much of it can be gathered without the 
use of a step ladder. 
STANDARD VARIETIES OF ORANGES 
WASHINGTON NAVEL 
Fruit. The Washington Navel stands at the head of 
California oranges. Fruit large to very large; peel inva- 
riably smooth and thick, rendering it of good productive 
quality; color a pronounced orange yellow; fruit marked 
at the blossom end with a small but irregular and secon- 
dary orange, from which it takes the name of "Navel" ; 
fruit seedless and free from "rag"; flesh crisp and sweet, 
with abundant juice possessing a flavor peculiarly its 
own; shipping qualities of the best, "standing up" under 
long-distance shipments and yet maintaining its fine eating 
values. 
less; shipping quality of the very best. The Valencia Late 
is the best summer shipping orange known to commerce, 
and coming into market at a season of the year when all 
other varieties have been disposed of, is essentially in a 
class by itself and exempt from competition. 
Washington Navel orange 
Tree. Of a rather moderate growth with small or no 
thorns and somewhat umbrageous in character with full 
rounded top; foliage a dark glossy green liberally fur- 
nished; in California a strong and regular bearer, often 
producing fruit the second year in orchard from the nurs- 
ery rows. 
History. This fruit was introduced into the United 
States in 1870 by the Federal Department of Agriculture 
under the name of the Bahia orange. Of the trees propa- 
gated by the Department two were sent to Mrs. L. C. 
Tibbets of Riverside in 1873; an event that can truthfully 
be said to constitute the founding of the orange industry 
in California. Originally the fruit was known as the 
Riverside Navel, but as it became known in other locali- 
ties, the name was changed to Washington Navel, in 
honor of the Federal Capitol from which it was first sent 
out. The original two trees are still alive. One was 
transplanted in 1913, with the assistance of the late Colonel 
Roosevelt, to the court of the Riverside Mission Inn Hotel; 
the other still stands at the head of Magnolia avenue. 
Of this tree we show an illustration on another page of 
this book. 
VALENCIA LATE 
Fruit. Owing to its season, which extends from May to 
November, this variety is second only to the Washington 
Navel in commercial importance. The fruit is of medium 
size, slightly oval; color a good orange yellow; peel thin, 
smooth and of good protective quality; flesh of good grain 
with abundant juice of fine citrus flavor; practically seed- 
Valencia Late orange 
Tree. Splendid form and of vigorous upright growth, 
attaining to great size much like the seedling type of an 
earlier period of the citrus industry; almost thornless; 
its extensive planting can be commended on good citrus 
lands that are reasonably free from late biting frosts. 
History. This fruit is a synonym of Hart's Late and 
Hart's Tardiff, and was introduced into California from 
Florida in the early seventies. Among our earlier expe- 
riences with citrus culture, we recall an orchard planted 
to Hart's Tardiff trees, which on coming into bearing 
developed a number of trees untrue to name. These we 
budded to Valencia Lates, which on coming into bearing, 
fruit and habit of trees were identical with the Hart's 
Tardiff. 
THOMSON IMPROVED NAVEL 
Fruit. The Year Book of the Department of Agricul- 
ture for 1911 gives the following description: Form 
slightly oblong; size above medium to large; cavity small, 
surface smooth ; stem slender ; color orange yellow, red- 
dening somewhat after picking; peel relatively smooth, 
rather closely adherent, usually thin and rather tender; 
segments 10 to 12, irregular in size with open center; 
flesh, rich yellow to deep orange in color, translucent, 
moderately tender; not very abundant; seedless; flavor 
sweet, sprightly, pleasant; quality good, but not equal to 
the Washington Navel, but it reaches full maturity about 
one month earlier than that variety. 
Continued on page 28 
