PREPARATIONS FOR TURNING OUT A VEHICLE. 487 



ance, he should have sense enough to realize that he en- 

 dangers his own position. 



First run the carriage or cart into place. If a pole is to 

 be used it should be put in and secured with the pole pin. 

 The vehicle should then be thoroughly dusted, and the whip, 

 robes and the servant's gloves put in place. The shutters 

 of closed carriages should be drawn up until the vehicle 

 arrives at the owner's house, when they are let down and the 

 glass windows drawn up. The livery, if one is to be worn, 

 should be taken out and carefully brushed. In threatening 

 weather the waterproof coats, hat coverings and woollen 

 gloves should be placed in the boot under the box seat 

 and the carriage umbrella secured by the straps which hold 

 the apron against the dasher. 



When an order is given for a pair and brougham, victoria 

 or mail phaeton, with the coachman in livery, the stable ser- 

 vant, if he has to work single handed, should allow an hour. 

 A brougham, victoria, with one horse, or a tandem or a coun- 

 try trap with a pair should be turned out under similar cir- 

 cumstances in three-quarters of an hour. For a single trap, 

 such as a buggy, two wheeler or country vehicle with the 

 servant in whipcord livery, half an hour is ample time. To 

 saddle a horse for either lady or gentleman from fifteen to 

 twenty minutes is sufficient. When there are two or more 

 men in the stable the time required to turn out a carriage will 

 be lessened by about fifteen minutes. This estimate is based 

 on the work of men who have had the various parts of an 

 equipage in a condition to be used when starting to turn out 

 a trap, and who have not had to groom a horse, clean the 

 harness or oil the wheels as a part of the work, which such 

 matters should not be under any ordinary circumstances. 



