THE ANNALS 



AND 



MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



[SIXTH SERIES.] 

 No. 32. AUGUST 1890. 



XIV. — The Inconsistencies of Utilitarianism as the Exclusive 

 Theory of Organic Evolution. By llev. JoilN T. 

 GULICK *. 



Natural Selection an Exclusive Theory loith some Biologists. 



In a previous article entitled *' Divergent Evolution and the 

 Darwinian Theoiy " f I dwelt chiefly on the need of a bio- 

 nomic theory that should explain polytypic as well as mono- 

 typic evolution. One of the chief deficiencies in Darwin's 

 discussion of the ' Origin of Species ' is that he does not 

 distinguish with sufficient clearness the conditions that are 

 necessary for the transformation of an original species into a 

 new species, when the former disappears in the process, leaving 

 the latter to occupy its place, and the conditions that are neces- 

 sary for the production of two or more species from one 

 original species. In this paper it may be instructive to 

 examine a vigorous attempt that has been made so to expound 

 the theory of natural selection (which Darwin considered as 

 inadequate to cover all the forms of monotypic evolution), 

 that it shall serve as the full explanation of both monotypic 

 and polytypic evolution in all organisms lower than man. By 



* From the ' American Journal of Science,' July 1890, pp. 1-14. 

 t Amer. Jom-n. Sci. vol. xxxix. pp. 21-30; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, 

 ser. 6, vol. v. p. 156. 



Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. vi. 10 



