Sponges from the Atlantic Ocean, (&c. 255 



Fiff. 6. Melonanchora elliptica, n. gen. et sp., natural size, lateral view : 

 a a, tubercular pore-area3 ; b, small stone in the base. 



Fi(/. 7. The same, basal view, natural size : a, tubercular pore-areas ; 

 6, stone in the base. 



Fi<j. 8. The same, tubercular pore-area, much magnified to show its 

 cribriform sarcode, crossed by bundles of the demial spi- 

 cules, a. 



Fif/. 9. The same, anchorate, nearly fully developed, lateral view. 

 When fully developed the notch in the centre of the inner 

 margin of the arms (a) is entirely obliterated, and the arms thus 

 rendered uninterruptedly continuous. All the arms present fine 

 parallel stria? (b) perpendicular to the margin. 



Fiff. 10. The same, end view, showing the four melonoid divisions cross- 

 ing each other at right angles. 



Fiff. 11. The same, earlier stage of development of anchorate when 

 the arms are approaching each other but not united. The 

 dotted lines indicate the direction in which they extend to 

 meet each other so as, with the shaft, to form a melonoid form 

 like figs. 9 & 10. 



Fiff. 12. The same, embryonic form : a, lateral : b, anterior view. 



Fiff. 13. Esperia villosa, n. sp. : a, naked fibre spreading below into a 

 root-like form of attachment ; 6, magnified view of dermal 

 sarcode, to show how the projecting tufts of spicules form the 

 villous surface, with the pores intervening ; <?, the same, with 

 the spicules broken ofi" and their ends only showing. 



Fiff. 14. The same, fully developed anchorate navicular, or weaver's- 

 shuttle-like form : a, anterior view ; b, lateral view ; c, half- 

 developed form, to show the difference in width of the arms 

 &c. ; (I, embryonic form ; e, apparent constriction in shaft formed 

 fi-om approximation of lateral arms in fully developed form. 



Fiff. 15. The same, bihamate spicule : a, central canal. 



Plate XIV. 



Fiff. 16. Esperia cupressiformis, n. sp., magnified two diameters : a, root ; 

 b, stem ; c, branches ; d upper extremity ; e, branch, more 

 magnified ; /, end of same, still more magnified, to show 

 termination of skeleton-spicules covered by sarcode densely 

 charged with the flesh- spicules figs. 17 and 18, the ends of the 

 former of which project; ff, Esperia cupi-essiformis (variety of), 

 the end magnified, to show h, branches of the same, webbed 

 together by dermal sarcode. 



Fig. 17. The same, flesh-spicule of inequianchorate : a, lateral view ; 

 b, anterior view. 



Fiff. 18. The same, forcipiform flesh-spicule : a, enlarged view of bul- 

 bous extremity. 



Fiff. 19. Esperia cupressiformis, variety of, natural size : a, lateral 

 view of head, showing its compressed form and lip-like semi- 

 division, in a line parallel to the compression, also its surface 

 half-covered with projecting bundles of skeleton-spicules ; b, 

 the same, front view of flat side ; c, stem and root. 



Fiff. 20. Chondrocladia virffata, Wy. Thomson : a, lateral view of equi- 

 anchorate ; b, anterior view of same ; c, posterior view of one 

 extremity as seen from behind, to sliow the form of teeth and 

 liead, with tlio union of the latter through the falx to the alate 

 end of the shaft ; d, head ; ee e e. alate appendages of the 



