Classification of the Asconidse. 357 



bank's genera and species of sponges. He retained the name 

 Leucosolenia for " Grantia hotryoides und ahnliche," while 

 for the " massive Grantieii " he maintains his own genus 

 Nardoa. Thus lie classifies the Ascons known to him as 

 follows : — Leucosolenia hotryoides and pulchra *, Nardoa 

 lacunosa, reticulum, and sponglosa *, Kolliker. 



In 1867 Gray t published a classification of calcareous 

 sponges in which the Ascons were distributed among two 

 genera : — (1) Leucosolenia^ which was further divided into 

 " arborescent " forms, as L. hotryoides, " massive, Nardoa,''^ 

 as L. contorta and L. lacunosa, and " incrusting," as L. cori- 

 acea; (2) Clathrina, gen. nov., for C. sulphur ea= Or antia 

 clathrus^ O. S. Had the author known coriacea in its 

 " massive " forms and clathrus in its expanded condition, 

 there can be no doubt he would have put them in his Nardoa 

 group, and then his classification would have been practically 

 the same as the one I propose here. 



In 1868 Miklucho-Maclay J described a new genus and 

 species of Ascons — Guanclia hlanca. 



In 1870 appeared Hackel's confused and perplexing 

 * Prodromus ' §, which, after what has been said above, need 

 not detain us longer; and in 1872 he put forth |j his well- 

 known " natural system," in which the sponges we are here 

 concerned with appeared under generic names as follows : — 



(1) Ascetta coriacea^ hlanca^ clathruSy and primordialis^ 



sp. n. 



(2) Ascortis lacunosa. 



(3) Ascaltis hotryoides and cerebrum^ sp. n. 



(4) Ascandra Lieherhuhnii^ contorta^ complicata, varidhi/is, 



sp. n., and falcata, sp. n. 



In 1883 Polejaeff ^ united all Ascons in Bowerbank's old 

 genus Leucosolenia. 



In 18yi von Lendenfeld ** tried to improve on Hackel's 

 scheme, with the following result : — 



* Pulchra, O. S., and spongiosa, Kolliker, are doubtful species. The 

 former is asserted by von Lendenfeld to be a synonym of priviordialis, 

 and spom/iosa is doubtfully identified by Hackel as cerebrum. It seems to 

 me not improbable \)a^\, jndchra, and perhaps spongio&a also, are synonyms 

 of coriacea. 



t " Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the Description of 

 some new Genera," Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 553-558. 



X " Beitrage zur Keuntniss der Spongien," Jen. Zeitschr. iv, pp 2'^1- 

 232, Taf. iv., V. 



§ T. c. suprci. II T. c. suprd. 



*f[ Loc. cit, ** Loc. cit. 



