Marine Fauna of Great Britain. 409 



Beroe [Idyia cucumis) swim amidst swarms of Arachnactis 

 albida of 8ars, a pelagic stage of an anemone [Cerianthus), 

 and they are also sometimes accompanied by Diphyes and 

 Physophora. 



In the off-shore waters, again, we have the zoophyte 

 Aglaoplienia^ a genus characteristically southern. Of ane- 

 mones Bolocera eques^ B. Tuedice, Stomphia^ and Adamsia 

 occur, all, however, passing further south along the east 

 coast. The stony corals are more characteristic, such as 

 Caryophyllia Sinithii^ var. horealis^ and, in small numbers, 

 Paracyathus and Ulocyathus. EpizoanthMS appears to be 

 almost typical and in great profusion, one form {E. incrus- 

 tans) being inhabited by a hermit-crab. 



The characteristic Echinoderms are two species of rosy 

 feather-star in considerable numbers, Asterias glacialis and 

 Asterias Miilleri, the latter being only met with in deep 

 water, whereas at St. Andrews it occurs between tide-marks. 

 The sea-urchins are represented by the piper [Gidaris papil- 

 lata), Echinus Flemingii, E. norveyiuSj I'owopneustes pictus, 

 Brissopsis lyrifera^ and a specially southern form Spatangus 

 meridionalis of Kisso. Of Holothurians or sea-cucumbers, 

 one of the most striking is Cucumaria frondosa^ which has 

 been familiar to zoologists since the days of Edward Forbes, 

 but Thyonidium hyalinum and species of the genus Thyone 

 are also common. 



Amongst the Annelids are the rare Eurythoe borealis of 

 Sars, swarms of a small sea-mouse {Lwtmatonice Jilicurnis), 

 the northern Eunoa nodosa, !Sars, tSthenelais Buskii (found no- 

 where ehe) , Pa7it/ialis (Erstedi, Notkria conchylega in abund- 

 ance, Eumenia Jejf'reysii, Trophunia glauca, Rkodiae Loveni^ 

 Axiothea catenata, Ampharete arctica, Aniphicteis Guuneri^ 

 Pista cristata, Tricliobranchus glacialis, and Euckone aaalis. 

 The remarkable Polygordius is in great profusion amongst the 

 coarse gravelly bottom formed of Melohesia. There are like- 

 wise some peculiar Nemerteans, such di's. Amphiporus hasiatuSj 

 A. bioculatus, Meckelia asulcata, and Valencinia lineformis. 



Of the Crustaceans, i^'a^wr^s tuber culatus, liisso, and Xantho 

 rivulosus, liisso — both Mediterranean forms, — Pagurus tri- 

 carinatus, Crangon serratus, and Lophogaster typicus (Stoma- 

 poda) are noteworthy *. As a rule the remarkable forms 

 lean to northern types. 



Amongst the i^olyzoa the free growths of Cellepora, and 

 the occurrence of such species as Flustra Barleei and Plornera, 

 are interesting. 



The JBrachiopods are frequently met with. 



* For these and some other references I am indebted to the late 

 Dr. Gwyu Jelireys's and Canon Norman's papers. 



