STUDIES ON THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS:— III.: THE EFFECTS 

 ON THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID OF THE RAT 

 OF ADMINISTERINO THYROID EXTRACT AND CERTAIN 

 OTHER AUTACOIDS AND SALTS. By M.\saharu Kojima, 

 Fleet Surgeon, Imperial Japanese Navy. (From the Physiology 

 Department of Edinburgh University.) (With five figures in the 

 text.) 



{Received far publicatiun ]st December 1916.) 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



Introduction. ......... 339 



340 

 340 



Present Investigations ....... 



Microscopic structure of thyroid and parathyroid of normal rat 

 Eflfect 01 administering thyroid, paratliyroid, and certain sodium and 

 potassium salts ....... 



Effect of administering posterior lobe of pituitary body 



Effect of administering adrenalin ..... 



Summary ......... 



Bibliography ....... 



342 

 344 

 345 



345 

 345 



Introduction. 



Ballet and Enri(iue/. (1) found no changes in the thyroid of dogs to 

 which sheep-thyroid had been given in their diet. They also investigated 

 the effects of injecting glycerine extracts of sheep-thyroid into dogs. Most 

 of the animals died. In three they describe symptoms of experimental 

 thyroidism. In two they notice enlargement of the thyroid. They also 

 describe changes in structure, including the disappearance of alveoli in 

 certain parts, with proliferation of their lining cells. Subsequently several 

 authors, e.g. Lanz (2), Mediger (3), Georgiewsky (4), Cunningham (5), 

 Gontscharnkow (6), and Ghedini (7) investigated the changes in the 

 thyroid which follow administration of extracts to dogs, rabbits, and sheep. 

 The results which they obtained are very various. Practically one may 

 say that no constant changes were observed. Peiser (8) was more 

 particularly interested in the study of the post-mortem changes in the 

 nuclei in animals which had been either fed with thyroid or injected with 

 thyroid extract. Most of the changes which he describes are accordingly 

 post-mortem effects (autolysis). From his general results he concluded 

 that when thyroid is administered by the mouth or subcutaneously to rats 

 no special change occurs in the thyroid of the animal under observation. 

 Chalmers Watson (9) found great variations in the structure of the 

 thyroid both in the white rat and in the wild rat under varying conditions, 



