Anatomy c/ A|)era Buriiupi, E. A. Smith. 223 



into the anterior portion of the oesophagus. The crop is a 

 wide thin-walled sac, rather longer than the oeaopliagus ; the 

 stomach, which forms the terminal portion of this sac, is a 

 small bilobed cavity hidden in the substance of the liver. In 

 Schizoghssa, Lledley (5, p. o'JO) remarks " that the pharynx 

 is enormous, occupying almost the whole length of the 

 visceral cavity, ajiu nearly equalling in size the remainder 

 of the viscera." I take it that what 1 am terming oesophagus 

 and crop correspond to what Iledley terms pharynx; if so, the 

 two forms closely agree in this feature. The intestine in 

 Schizoglossa is siiort, while in Apera it makes two loops in 

 the lol)es of the liver, and terminates as a slightly wider 

 tube, the rectum. In Testacella the intestine forms a single 

 loop. 



The Pedal Gland. — Opening beneath the mouth and 

 occupying the floor of the visceral cavity for the whole length 

 of the animal is a large thick-walled convoluted body, the 

 pedal gland. It is wound from right to left, as shown in 

 figure 3 (PI. V.), and slightly indented on its upperside. It 

 was of a yellowish brown in colour, its free end being much 

 lighter and more glandular; to this there was a long muscle 

 attached. In transverse section it appeared as shown in 

 figure 4 (PI. v.), viz. a small lumen on the underside, and 

 in the mass of connective tissue &c. there were present a 

 large series of microscopic chitinous (?) dart-like bodies. 

 These had a broad and slightly convex plate-like form at the 

 one end, tapering at the opposite end into a long fine point 

 (Pi. V. fig. 5). The whole tube must contain many 

 thousands of these bodies. I should have been glad to 

 investigate the minute structure of this organ in greater 

 detail had I possessed the material. In this example the gland 

 had become exceedingly hard, almost brittle, with being in 

 alcohol, and it was only after soaking in water for two or 

 three days that I was able to make out the few features 

 mentioned above. 



Lacaze-Duthiers (7, p. 522) has described and figured the 

 pedal gland in Testacella-, it is simple in structure, much 

 longer than in Apera, and exhibits the same zigzag forni. 

 In Testacella it is enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue, 

 which I do not find in Apera. The cells of the gland are filled 

 with granules ; these probably represent what in Apera I have 

 described as minute dart-like bodies. From the contracted 

 state of the gland in the specimen I had, figure 4 probably 

 only very incorrectly represents the actual appearance. 



The Generative Organs. — There is a small vagina into 

 which the penis opens. This latter organ is a narrow tube, 

 slightly globose at the lower portion (PI. V. fig. 6, p.), and a 



