408 BUdiofjraphical Notices. 



and published on the geology of this district. He indicates the 

 various sources of his information and acknowledges the kind help 

 of several friends. 



The following rocks and strata are taken in succession : — L. The 

 Skiddaw Slates and their Fossils, especially the Graptolites ; to- 

 gether with some proposed new species of Luv/ala, viz. L. Donaldi, 

 JJarl-nessi, Bonne)ji, DerwenUi (if named after the Derwent Water it 

 should have been derweiitensis), Mcirrii, Nicholsoni. and Howardi. 

 These and others are illustrated by more or less obscure figures after 

 photographs. The Graptolites also are roughly lithographed, with 

 some Trilobites, 2. The Volcanic Series of Borrowdale. 3. The 

 Cross Fell Inlier. 4. The Drygill Shales. 5. Coniston Limestone 

 Series. 6. The Granites of Eskdale, Shap, Skiddaw, and Enderdale. 

 7. Other special Igneous Rocks of St. John, Armboth, Little Knot, 

 White House, Great Cockup, Sale Fell, Carrock Fell, Seatoller Fell, 

 and Castlehead. 8. The Stockdale Shales. 9. Coniston Flags and 

 Grits. 10. Bannisdale Shales and Kirkby Moor Flags. 11. IN'otes 

 on the Carboniferous, Permian, and Triassic strata, including the 

 Hilton Plant-beds. 12. Surface deposits, Old Lakes, Moraines, and 

 Boulders. 13. Faults and Mineral Veins. 14. A Summary, 

 sketching a geological history of the district from the time when 

 the Skiddaw Slates were laid down as muddy shales and micaceous 

 grits. Volcanic action and a general depression followed ; and in 

 time the Coniston Limestone and Shales were formed in a mode- 

 rately deep sea. An upward movement then shallowed the sea and 

 made an island of the district, which sank again to receive some 

 Upper Silurian deposits, but was again raised and exposed to denu- 

 dation for a long period, whilst the Old lied Sandstone was being 

 formed elsewhere. Depression followed, and was accompanied by 

 the production of the Carboniferous series. The Permian and 

 Triassic marls and sandstones were subsequently accumulated in 

 large salt-lakes, and, together with the rest of the region, after 

 attaining a greater elevation, became subjected to long-continued 

 subaerial denudation, partly effected by ice during the Glacial 

 Period. Such great thicknesses of rocks and strata that have been 

 here removed, and such enormous periods of time that must have 

 been required in the operation, render it impossible to correctly 

 calculate the interval of time between the origin of the Skiddaw 

 Slates and the present condition of the Lake District in Cumberland 

 and "Westmoreland. The Author indicates about 23,000 feet of rocks 

 as remaining now. 15. Of the local Minerals a hundred are enu- 

 merated, with their places of occurrence ; and there are full 

 descriptive notes for about twenty of them. 



This little book will be useful to the intelligent tourist, with its 

 succinct account of the rocks, minerals, and fossils of the district 

 under notice, and with its many references to sources of further 

 formation. Its illustrations, including a map, various fossils, and 

 two geological sections, are well-intentioned, but too roughly drawn ; 

 and better editing would have much beueiitted the book throughout. 



