On tico new Sjyeciefi o/"Gumminefe, 



17 



section); g, umoabal muscle (a horizontal section) ; m, setal band ; 

 w, outer edge of setal band ; x, setse. 

 Fig. 5, Cardinal region of pedicle-valve, a, deltidium ; b, deltidial ndges ; 

 b', deltidial callosities, slightly developed; c, areal spaces; d, 

 lineated impression, produced by anterior end of corneous layer 

 of pedicle (see fig. 8, d) ; e, lobe-scars produced by tendinous lobes 

 of corneous layer of pedicle ; h, cross section of muscular or mner 

 layer at root of pedicle ; i, central hollow of pedicle : b, posterior 

 parietal ; g, umbonal muscle; u, setal band, which has its outer 

 edge (?f) etlected to show the parts d, h, i (the corneous layer is 

 removed to show the lineated impression made by the anterior 

 end of its lower division — see fig. 3, d, g). 



II. — On two new Species of Gumminege, with Special and 

 General Observations. By H. J. CARTER, F.R.S. &c. 



[Plate I.] 



In a glass jar bearing the inscription " H.M.S. ' Porcupine,' 

 No. 3a, lat.48°31' N., and long. 10° 03' W., depth 500_faths., 

 and muddy bottom," which must have been just outside the 

 so-called " chops " of the English Channel, is an oblong spe- 

 cimen about 24 X Ij X f inch, consisting of a mass of dead 

 Lophohelia ijrolifera., over which has grown a Farrea^ which, 

 having shared the same fate, had become partially infested, both 

 inside and out, with three other sponges bearing spicules which 

 indicate that they belong respectively to Dictyocylindrus^ Bk., 

 Desmacella, Sdt. , and Reniera^ Sdt. , together with a Cliona whose 

 habitat was inside the stems of the Lophohelia and its fenestral 

 openings on the surface of the latter, all of which have finally 

 become enveloped in a Gummina^ whose fleshy substance now 

 forms the greater part of the mass (PL I. figs. 1 & 2). 



With the exception of the Lophohelia and Farrea, all appear 

 to be new species. 



As the three infesting sponges are merely parasitic growths 

 of small dimensions and without definite form, I shall only be 

 able to characterize them by their complements of spicules re- 

 spectively. The Cliona, too, having lived in the interior of the 

 Lophohelia, necessitates a similar description, while the Gum- 

 mina, which, as before stated, forms the greater part of tlie 

 mass, claims our first and chief consideration. 



It is with great pleasure that I embrace this opportunity of 

 calling attention to a class of s})onges which has been very little 

 studied, especially in England ; and having found in the British 

 Museum, through the aid of Dr. Gray, another species, which 

 came from Port Jackson in New Soutli Wales, 1 shall thus be 

 able to give the results of my examination of this as well as the 



Ann. & Mag. N. Ilisl. Ser. 4. To/, xii, 2 



