72 BibliographiGol Notices. 



Raphidophora subterranea, Scudd. M. C. 

 rhora, sp. W. C. and M. C. 

 Anthomyia, sp. W. C. and M. C. 

 Machilis, sp. W. C. and M. C. 

 Campodea, sp. W. C. 



Cookei, PacTc. M. C. 



Tipulid. W. C. 



Myriopoda. 

 Spirostrephon cavernarum, Cope. W. C. 

 Scoterpes Copei (Pad:), Cope. M. C. 



" The mutual relations of this cave-life form an interesting sub- 

 ject [observes Prof. CopeJ. In the first place, two of the Beetles, 

 the Crickets, the Centipede, the small Crustaceans (food of the blind 

 Fish) are more or less herbivorous. They furnish food for the 

 Spiders, Crawfish, Anophthalmiis, and the Fish. The vegetable 

 food supporting them is, in the first place, Fungi, which, in various 

 small forms, grow in damp places in the cave ; and they can always 

 be found attached to excrementitious matter dropped by the Bats, 

 Rats, and other animals which extend their range to the outer air. 

 Fungi also grow on the dead bodies of the animals that die in the 

 caves, and are found abundantly on fragments of wood and boards 

 brought in by human agency. The Eats also have brought into 

 fissures and cavities, communicating with the cdve, seeds, nuts, and 

 other vegetable matters, from time immemorial, which have fur- 

 nished food for Insects. The Eats and Bats have, no doubt, had 

 much to do with the continuance of land life in the cave ; and the 

 Mammals of the Postpliocene or earlier period, which first wandered 

 and dwelt in its shades, were introducers of a permanent plant life. 



"As to the small Crustaceans, little food is necessarj' to support 

 their smaU economy ; but even that little might be thought to be 

 wanting as we observe the clearness and limpiditj' of the water in 

 which they dwell. Nevertheless the fact that some cave- waters 

 communicate with outside streams is a sufficient indication of the 

 presence of vegetable life and vegetable debris in variable quantities 

 at different times. Minute freshwater Algae no doubt occur there, 

 the spores being brought in by external communication ; while re- 

 mains of larger forms, as Confervse &c., would occur plentifully 

 after floods. In the Wyandotte Cave no such connexion is known 

 to exist. Access by water is against the current of small streams 

 which discharge from it. 



" On this basis rests an animal life which is limited in extent and 

 must be subject to many vicissitudes. Yet a fuUer examination will 

 probably add to the number of species, and of these no doubt a 

 greater or less number of parasites on those already known. The 

 discovery of the little Lernaean [Caidoxenus stygius, on the upper lip 

 of Amhlyopsis spel(mis~] shows that this strange form of life has re- 

 sisted all the physiological struggles which a change of light and 

 temperature must have produced : and that it still preys on the food 

 of its host, as its ancestors did, there is no doubt. The blindness of 



