Bihliographical Notices. 73 



t'^^. Fish has favoured it in the ' struggle for existence,' and enabled 

 it to maintain a position nearer the commissariat with less danger to 

 itself than did its forefathers." 



Illustrated Guide to the Fish, Amphibian, Reptilian, and supposed 

 Mammalian Remains of the Northumherland Carboniferous Strata. 

 By T. P. Barkas, F.G.S. 8vo, pp. 117 ; and Atlas of Carbonifer- 

 ous Fossils from the Northumberland Carboniferous Strata, folio, 

 10 plates. Hutehins : London, 1873. 



Mr. Barkas is willing that palaeontological students shall fully profit 

 by the rich collection of fossil bones, teeth, and scales which he has 

 obtained both by personal search and by judiciously directing the 

 intelligent observation of working miners in the Newcastle coal- 

 field. With this view he has had nearly 250 figures carefully 

 lithographed, and some chromo-lithographed, of natiiral size and 

 magnified, in the handsome Atlas of his ' Manual of Coal-measure 

 Palaeontolog}'.' These figures comprise several reproduced from 

 other works, for comparison and to make this illustrated series of 

 vertebrate remains from the Northumberland Coal-measures as 

 complete as present circumstances permit. The descriptive portion, 

 evidently from the pen of an amateur, contains abundant references 

 to other publications and frequent acknowledgment of fellow 

 workers. Doubtless Mr. Barkas's good intention of stimulating 

 further research in this highly interesting field of geology will not 

 be fruitless ; collectors will see at a glance the natural groups to 

 which their specimens may be referred ; and naturalists have here 

 much material before them ready for critical examination, and will 

 find in Mr. Barkas's descriptions many suggestive observations on 

 specimens having doubtful characters. 



1. The Physical Geology and Geography of Great Britain. By A. 

 C.Ramsay, LL.D., F.R.S., &c. 3rd:Edition. London: Stanford, 



1872. 



2. The School Mamud of Geology. By J. B. Jukes, M.A., F.R.S., 

 &c. Second Edition, revised and enlarged ; edited by A. J. Jukes- 

 .Browne. Small 8vo. Edinburgh : Black, 1873. 



These new editions are to be recommended ; for the first is now a 

 standard work on the physical geography of the British Isles and, 

 correlatively, on the geological structure, not only of neighbouring 

 lands, but of all parts of the world ; for the same principles rule, 

 and similar results are found, wherever the geologist betakes himself 

 with educated eye and mature judgment. The bold treatment of 

 physical features, on the large scale, by reference to ancient extensive 

 planes of marine denudation and the subsequent long-continued ex- 

 cavation of all valleys by atmospheric, glacial, pluvial, and flu-vial 

 action, is a leading idea in Prof. Ramsay's masterly work, and has 

 a powerful and wholesome influence in enlarging the mental views 



