American Cichlid Genus Ciclilosoma. Gl 



Tlie relations of the genera here dealt with are shown in 

 the following synopsis : — 



Dorsal fin without notch between spinous and soft portions ; anal fin 

 with more than 3 spines ; gill-rakers short or of moderate length, 

 in small or moderate number. 



I. Dorsal with XIII-XX 10-16 rays, anal with IV-XII 7-16. 



A. Teeth all conical or cylindrical, not compressed. 

 Posterior (ascending) processes of praemaxillaries shorter 



than the head Cichlosoma. 



Posterior processes of pr£emaxillaries as long as the head. Petenia. 



B. Teeth mostly conical, but the median teeth of the outer series 



compressed, pointed in the young, truncate in the adult. 



Herichthys. 



C. Teeth all • rather broad and strongly compressed ; scales 



large, those of the lateral line of the same size as the others. 



Teeth entire, with pointed or rounded apices Paraiieetroplus. 



Teeth entire, truncate, incisor-like Neetroplus. 



Teeth tricuspid, except the median ones of the outer 



series, which are entire, truncate, incisor-like .... HerotUapia. 



D. Teeth slender, compressed, pointed in the young, rounded in 



the adult ; scales rather small, those of the lateral line larger 

 than the others Uaru. 



II. Dorsal with VIII-XIII 24-31 rays, anal with V-IX 24-32 ; 



teeth conical. 



Teeth confined to the anterior part of each jaw Symphi/sodun. 



Teeth extending on to the sides of the jaws Pterophyllum. 



Cichlosoma. 



Cichlasoma, Swains. Nat. Hist. Fish. ii. p. 230 (1839); Eigenm. & 

 Bray, Ann. Ac. N. York, vii. 1894, p. 615 : Jord. & Everm. Proc. 

 U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1898, p. 1514 ; Pellegr. Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 

 xvi. 1903, p. 202 (1904) ; Meek, Zool. Pub. Columbian Mus. v. 1904, 

 p. 204. 



Acara (part.), Heck. Ann. Mus. Wien, ii. 1840, p. 338 ; Giinth. Cat. 

 Fish. iv. p. 276 (1862) ; Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxi. 1875, p. 63. 



Heros, Heck. t. c. p. 362; Guntb. t. c. p. 285; Jord. & Everm. t. c. 

 p. 1526 ; Pellegr. t. c. p. 226, 



Hoplarchus, Kaup, Arch. f. Nat. 1860, p. 128. 



Theraps, Giinth. t. c. p. 284. 



Mesonauta, Giinth. t. c. p. 300. 



Archucentru^, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1877, p. 186. 



Petenia (part.), Eigenm. & Bray, t. c. p. 614 ; Pellegr. t. c. p. 243. 



Astronotus (part.), Eigenm. & Bray, t. c. p. 615. 



Astatheros, Pellegr. t. c. p. 203. 



Thorichthys, Meek, t. c. p. 222. 



Body deep or elongate, compressed ; scales large or mode- 

 rate, usually ctenoid. Two lateral lines. Jaws with bands 

 of small conical teeth, the outer series more or less enlarged 

 and sometimes forming canines. Mouth small or moderate. 



