102 Miscellaneous. 



F'kj. 10. Front view of same specimen, showing a pirfectly closed oral 



opening. 

 Fig. 11. Longitudinal median section of another specimen, illustrating 



tubular structure, enlarged. 

 Fi(j. 12. Enlarged surface-drawing of the specimen figured in figs. 1 



and 2. 



The figures are drawn half the natural size of the specimens -vyith the 

 exception of 11 and 12, which represent magnified structures. Figures 9, 

 10, and 11 refer to specimens in the British Museum, the remainder being 

 in the Author's collection. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



The Nomenclature of Types in Natural History. 

 By Charles Schuchert and S. S. Bdckman. 



Practical work on the arrangement and cataloguing of " types " 

 and other museum material has shown us that the present nomcn- 

 claturo is not yet sufficient for critically distinguishing all the 

 different classes of such specimens. Further, some of the terms 

 which have been proposed for the purpose are already employed in 

 other ways — for instance, homotype is in use in biology, monotyiie 

 is the name of a printing-machine, autotype is the term for a 

 printing-process. We wish, therefore, to submit the following 

 system of nomenclature, and we hope that in making it more com- 

 plete we have provided a scheme which will render efficient service 

 in the labelling and registration of types and typical material. 



The terms printed in broad-faced letters are the additions or 

 modifications for which we are at present responsible. A fuller 

 explanation of all the terms will be found m the ' Catalogue of the 

 Types and Figured Specimens of Invertebrate Fossils in the U.S. 

 National Museum,' a work which has been prepared by Charles 

 Schuchert and is now passing through the press. The present 

 article gives a synopsis of the terms which it has been found neces- 

 sary to use in connexion with that and similar work. 



We now make another suggestion. After the different terms we 

 have placed in circles the contractions which we propose should be 

 used in the actual marking of small specimens, to which it is 

 impossible or inadvisable to affix the full label. Our plan for such 

 contractions is this : — For types of the first class two capital letters ; 

 for those of the second class one capital and one small letter ; for 

 typical specimens two smaU letters. 



In the definitions which follow, the term description indicates 

 either a description by words or by a picture, or by both combined. 

 For the sake of accuracy, Ave suggest that the original description 

 by words (type-description) be called the protolog, the original 



