Ihrmapliroditism &c. in Testudo g-rteea. 125 



Again, the female organ (ovary) is perhaps simpler and 

 more primitive than tlie male organ (testis), as suggested by 

 Marshall [9], the ovum being undoubtedly less highly 

 differentiated than the spermatozoon. A long theoretical 

 discussion on the question of hermaj)hroditism in the Verte- 

 brates would, however, be out of place in this paper. 



In the foregoing note only the more commonly occurring 

 and well known forms of Vertebrates in which hermaphro- 

 ditism maybe found are mentioned. A very full bibliography 

 and comprehensive treatment of the subject will be found in 

 Stephanas paper of 1902. A few other papers, relating 

 especially to the Reptilia, will be cited in the appended 

 references. 



In the present state of our knowledge only suggestions as 

 to the significance of hermaphroditism in forms like the 

 tortoise can be put forward, and the recording of such occur- 

 rences may be of value in developing that knowledge. 



References to Literature. 



(i) Agassiz, L. (1857).— Contrib. to Nat. Hist, of U.S.A. vols. i. & ii. 



" £mbryolo<ry of the Turtle," 

 (2) BoJANUS, L. li. (1819). — ' Auatouie Testudinis Europajte.' Vilua. 

 {3) Bronx, H. G., and Hoffsianx, C. K. (1890).— Klass. u. Ord. de.^ 



Thierreichs — Eeptilien, vi. 3, " Schildkroten," by C. K. Hoffuiaun. 

 (4.) Gadow, H. (1901). — "Amphibia and Reptiles" in the Camb. 



Nat. Hist. vol. viii. p. 365. 



(5) Gegexbaur, C. (1901). — Vergl. Anatomieder Wirbelthiere, Bd. ii. 



pp. 533-6. 



(6) Howes, G. B. (1887).— " On the Vestigial Structures of the 



Reproductive Apparatus in the Male of the Green Lizard," 

 Journ. of Anat. & Physiol, xxi. pp. 185-9. 



(7) Howes, G. B. (1891).-^" On some Hermaphrodite Genitalia of the 



Codfish," Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. vol. xxiii. pp. 539-57. 



(8) jAQrET, M. (1895).—" Xote sur un cas d'hermaphroditisme in- 



complet observe chez le Lacerta agilis,'' Bibliogr. Anat. iii. 

 (Paris) p. 267. 



(9) Marshall, A. M. (1884). — "On certain Abnormal Conditions 



of the Reproductive Organs in the Frog," Journ. of Anat. & 

 Physiol, xviii. pp. 121-43. 



(10) Sedgwick, A. (1905). — " Vertebrata," vol. ii. of 'A Student's 

 Text-book of Zoology,' pp. 402-15. 



(11) Stephan, p. (1902). — "De I'hermaphrodisme chez les Ver(^- 



br6s," Annales de la Faculty des Sciences de Marseille, xii. 



pp. 23-158, ^vith 8 text-figures and 1 plate. 

 (iz)Taruffi (1899-1902).— "Hermaphroditism," R. Ace. d. Sci. 



deir Inst, di Bologna, 3 vols. 

 (13) Weidersheim and Parker (1897). — 'Comparative Anatomy of 



Vertebrates.' 

 (14.) AViNDLE, B. C. A. (1903).— "Thirteenth Report on recent 



Teratological Literature," Journ. of Anat. & Phvsiol. xxxvii. 



p. 300. 



