244 Mr. K. Andersen on the Bats 



General Characters of the Rli. pliilippiuensis Group. 



Diagnosis. — Median anterior nasal swellings large. Palatal 

 bridge long, on an average more than, and generally con- 

 siderably more tlian, \ the length of the maxillar tooth-row ; 

 median anterior point opposite the front (or anterior half) 

 of p^. Posterior connecting-process extremely low and 

 rounded off, starting from a point considerably below the 

 summit of the sella. Base of central nose-leaf forming 

 cup-like or wing-like expansions. 



Remarks. — So far as my material goes^ the above diagnosis 

 holds good for all members of the group, the most primitive 

 (philippinensis, acMlles), as well as the highest developed 

 (trifoliatus, luctns, and all their allies). In these latter the 

 the skull is rather modified^ and some of the modifi- 

 cations are obviously correlated to the enormous enlargement 

 of the nose-leaves and ears. The postnasal depression is 

 deeply hollowed out, more than in other Rhinolophi. In 

 front of the median anterior swellings is formed a narrow, 

 thin brim of bone, the object of which is evidently to increase 

 the surface of the facial part of the skull (which supports 

 the large nose-leaves) ; in Rhinolophi with nose-leaves of 

 normal size there is no such brim of bone, the median 

 anterior swellings partaking immediately in the formation of 

 the margin of the nasal openings. The interorbital con- 

 striction is narrower than in other Rhinolophi. The cochleae 

 are, proportionately, slightly larger, the basioccipital, between 

 them, consequently slightly narrower; but neither are the 

 cochlete as large nor the basioccipital as narrow (linear) 

 as in Rh. hipposiderus and its allies. 



In most, if not all, species the position of the lower p^ 

 is individually variable (as in other primitive Rhinolophi) : 

 in the tooth-row, or more or less external to the I'ow. The 

 upper j[;^ is invariably in the row. 



Subdivision of the Group. 



The group may conveniently be divided into three 

 sections : — the philippinensis section, the sedulus section, 

 and the trifoliatus section. The first of these sections is 

 represented by Rh. philippinensis and achilles * ; the second 

 ])y Rh. sedulus and lanosus ; the third by Rh. trifoliatus, 

 solitarius, luctus, perniger, geminus, and Beddomei. They 

 differ as follows : — 



* On JRh. vntratus and Maclaucli, see the " General Keniarks '' on 

 p. 2.j4. 



