of the Ehinolophus macrotis Group. 291 



and wing-structure on practically the same stage as in 

 macrotis. But philippinensis has retained a somewhat more 

 primitive dentition {p^ unusually well developed), and the 

 base of the central nose-leaf is peculiarly modified. 



Rh. hirsutus is but a Philippine representative of the 

 macrotis type ; the ears are still larger, the tail longer. 



Rh. Pearsoni is closely related to Rh. macrotis, but in 

 several respects considerably more highly developed. The 

 temporal fossa is decidedly wider; the sagittal crest higher; 

 the palatal bridge shortened. The shape of the nasal 

 swellitigs very much as in macrotis. The only progress in 

 dentition is a slight reduction of p^ ; also the cusp is less 

 distinct ; but the tooth is still completely in row. The 

 lateral borders of the sella are peculiarly crenulate ; the ears 

 smaller ; the lateral mental grooves quite obliterated. The 

 third metacarpal is much shortened, the fourth less so, making 

 the fifth metacarpal decidedly the longest of all; all the 

 terminal phalanges are much lengthened. On the whole 

 this wing-structure is rather similar to that of Rh. ferrum- 

 equinum, a species with which Rh. Pearsoni has no closer 

 affinities. 



Rh. cethiops (Angola), Hildebrandti (Mazoe to Uganda), 

 and fu?ni(/atus (Kitui to Abyssinia) are Ethiopian represen- 

 tatives of Rh. macrotis. There is a most striking resemblance 

 in the nose-leaves; the horseshoe, the sella, the connecting- 

 process, the lancet, differ in nothing but the larger size ; 

 the long and dense hairinff on the front face of the sella, 

 characteristic of macrotis, is retahied in the African species ; 

 the shape of the ears is the same. As in Rh. Pearsoni, the 

 mental grooves are reduced to one. The wing-structure 

 differs from that of Rh. macrotis in having the fifth meta- 

 carpal somewhat longer than the fourth and third (by the 

 combined effect of a slight shorteniog of these latter and a 

 slight lengthening of the former), and the second phalanx of 

 the third and fourth fingers much lengthened. The modifi- 

 cation of the skull noticed above when passing from Rh. 

 macrotis to Rh. Pearsoni is found again in the Ethiopian 

 species : wide temporal fossa, more projecting sagittal crest, 

 shortening of the palatal bridge. In front of the anterior 

 nasal swellings is developed a very narrow thin brim of bone, 

 forming the upper border of the nasal openings (as in the 

 more diftereutiated members of the philippinensis grou])). 

 The dentition is extremely highly developed : p^ and p^ 

 pushed out to the external side of the tooth-row, or com- 

 pletely lost. 



As will be observed from the above, the Ethiopian species 



