Subfijjecles of the Genus Rhinoloplius. 659 



dates back to a period when the distribution of Land and 

 water in this part of the world was essentially different from 

 what it is nowadays, for we find representatives of the macrotis 

 type in the now thoroughly isolated Philippine Islands {Rh. 

 Mrsutus) and in a vast part of the Ethiopian Region {Rh. 

 cetMops^ IJildtbrandti,eIoquens^fu)nigatus). Rh. Pearsonl is 

 a comparatively highly developed Himalayan and S. Chinese 

 modilication of the macrotis type. 



Ganges Valley: — Rh. lepi'dus ; Rh. mitratus. — The 

 former is a very primitive (perhaps the most primitive) 

 member of the lepidus group; the latter a representative of 

 the j)hilippinensis group, much more closely related to the 

 Indo-Austro-Malayan Rh. philippinensis and achilles (and 

 the Ethiopian Rh. Madaudi) than to the geographically 

 nearer Himalayan form of the same group. 



South India: — Rh. Rouxi tijpicus •, Rh. lepidus; Rh. 

 Beddomei. — Rh. Rouxi is no doubt an immigrant from the 

 Himalayas, where identically the same race occurs. Rh. 

 lepidus is also found in the Ganges tract. Rh. Beddomei is 

 closely allied to Rh. luctus from Borneo and the Malay 

 Peninsula. 



Ceylon : — Rh. Rouxi typicus, common to Ceylon and 

 S. India. (A bat of the philippinensis type occurs in Ceylon, 

 presumably Rh. Beddomei-, I have seen a very young indi- 

 vidual only.) 



Malabar Coast: — Rh. gracilis, a bat of the probably 

 Himalayan minor type. 



The Indian and Ceylonese Subkegions. — Only five 

 species occur, one of thein {Rouxi) Indo-Chinese. Rh. gracilis 

 points northwards ; Rh. mitratus and Beddomei to the Indo- 

 Malayan countries. One species [Rh. lepidus) may represent 

 a purely autochthonous type. 



SOMALILAND, ErYTHREA, AbYSSINIA, AND BaHR-EL- 

 Abiad tract : — Rh.clivosus, Rh.acrotis typieus ; Rh. A ndreinii^ 

 Rh.Dobsoni; Rh. hipposider us minimus; Rh.fumigatus tgpicus. 

 — The first two species are modifications of the Himalayan 

 affinis type. Rh. Andreinii (very closely related to Rh. Blasii) 

 and Rh. Dohsoni (very close to Rh. lobatus) point back 

 to the Himalayan Rh. subbadius. Rh. hipposiderus has no 

 nearer known ally than the Persian Rh. midas, and the 

 particular race [minimus) here under consideration is the 

 same as now distributed over the Mediterranean countries. 

 Rh. /umigatus is a very highly developed species of the 

 Himalayan macrotis type. 



