Subspecies of the G^e/aus Rhinoloplius. 6G1 



have as yet been recorded from the Ethiopian Region. To 

 sum up the probable affinities of these species: Rh. Denti 

 and simulator represent the horneensis type ; Rh, capensis tlie 

 Rouxi type ; Rh, clivosus, Darlingi, and acrotis the affinis 

 type ; Rh. augur and Deckeni the ferrnm-equimmi type ; Rh. 

 empusa and Andreinii one branch, /i/2. Landeri, lobatiis, and 

 Dohsoni another branch, of the minor-suhbadius type ; Rh. 

 hipposiderus the ?7iw/as type ; Rh. Maclaudi the phiVippinensis 

 type; 7?/<. cethiop^^ Hildebrandtiy eloquens, und fumigat us the 

 macrotis type.— Thus, the distribution of the primary groups of 

 tlie genus within the Ethiopian Region is, broadly speaking, as 

 follows : — the simplex group (8 species) from the Cape (Colony 

 to Lower Egypt (beyond the limits of the Region), and on 

 the western side of the Continent as far north as Angola ; the 

 macrotis group (4 species) from Abyssinia to the Lower 

 Zambesi, across the Continent to Angola ; the lepidus group 

 (4 species) in a broad tract across the Continent from about 

 15° .N. to 20° S.; the midas group (1 species) confined to 

 the extreme north-eastern corner ; the jihilippinensis group 

 (1 species) to the north-western corner (probably of wider 

 distribution). — It is a matter of some zoogeographical 

 importance that all the Ethiopian species of the genus Rhino- 

 lophus, without exception, also have representatives in the 

 Oriental Region ; but still more important is the fact that all 

 the Ethiopian species have more primitive representatives in 

 S. Asia or the Lido-Malayan Archipelago. In view of this, 

 and bearing in mind that in the absence of all palooontological 

 evidence we have to base our conclusions exclusively on what 

 we know about the now-existing forms, we are justified in 

 supposing that all the Ethiopian Rhinolophi are, in the last 

 instance, derived from Oriental forms. The passage from 

 the Oriental to the Ethiopian Regions must have been 

 considerably easier in past times than now. 



Eastern Egyptian Desert : — Rh. acrotis Andersoni. 

 The species is Ethiopian. 



Lower Egypt : — Rh. acrotis brachygnathus ; Rh. euryale 

 judaicus. — Rh. acrotis is undoubtedly an immigrant from the 

 Ethiopian Region. Rh. euryale has come from the Asiatic 

 side of the jNJediterranean ; examples from Lower Egypt are 

 indistinguishable from the Palestine-Eu[)hrates race; the 

 species does not seem to have spread south of Lower Egypt. 



The Mediterranean Subregion (exclusive of Lower 

 Egypt): — Rh. clivosus, Rh. ferrum-equinum {proximus, 

 typicus, and obscurus) ; Rh. midas, Rh. hipposiderus minimus; 

 Rh. ISlasiij Rh. euryale. — Rh. clivosus is known only from 



