the Oscules of Cinachyva. 665 



vestibules, with, perliaps, only one minute oscule. The 

 iigure of a section of a depression (3, fig. 48) shows small 

 openings leading each by a narrow tube to moniliform canals; 

 possibly here also the vestibules are purely poral^ and a 

 careful search might reveal a much contracted oscule. Simi- 

 larly the circular zone of depressions shown in the figure of 

 C. trochiformis, Keller (3, p. 340, pi. xix. figs. 44, 45), from 

 the lied Sea, is possibly vestibular, and an examination of 

 the conical summit might show the existence of oscules in the 

 form of minute contracted points. 



Cinachyra amhoiriensis (Kieschnick), from Amboina (4, 

 p. bbQ), is globular or egg-shaped and has a zone of poral 

 depressions and a single osculum at the summit. 



Cinachyra hirsuta (Dendy) (2, p. 75), from the Gulf of 

 IManaar, is spheroidal and firmly attached by a broad base to 

 a piece of rock. Here there is a zone of depressions and one 

 large osculum situated to one side of the summit. Dendy 

 believed that some of the depressions were pore-areas, others 

 oscular areas ; after an examination of the specimen I 

 have come to the conclusion that all the depressions are 

 poral vestibules. The variation in shape and deptli, some 

 being shallow and hemispherical, others deep and tubular, 

 appears to me to result from differences in age and in the 

 degree of contraction. 



Cinachyra Foe/^^X'Ou;/, Lendenfeld (6, p. 101, pl.ix. fig. 39), 

 from Zanzibar, appears, at first sight, to present in tiie 

 arrangement of its pores and oscules a complete exception to 

 what is found in other species of Cinachyra. Tlie three speci- 

 mens are spherical. Two of the examples are only 8 mm. in 

 diameter and have only one depression each ; a larger one, 

 2 cm. in diameter, has fifteen depressions. Lendenfeld 

 observes (6, p. 101) : — '' An der oberflache finden sich 

 allenthalben Poren, doch sind in den Weingeistexemplareu 

 nur jene an den konvexen, pelztragenden Teilen offen, die, 

 wie es scheint kleineren und zahlreicheren, in den kalilen 

 Vertiefungen dagegen, geschlossen. Von den ersteren ziehen 

 offene Kanale herab, welche die rinde durchsetzen." 



Lendenfeld regards the " Poren '' on the general surface 

 as iidialant and those in the depressions as exhalant, and 

 describes one of the depressions themselves as " glattwandiger 

 praeoscularraura '-" {l. c. p. 129). He observes (l. c. p. 103) 

 that very possibly pores are present on the surface of C. bar- 



