64 BULLETIN OF THE ESSEX INSTITUTE. 



of the lower teeth were lost during life and the alveoli are 

 considerably absorbed. Of the upper teeth there now 

 remain only the premolars of the right side and the canine 

 and first premolar of the left side ; of the lower teeth there 

 yet remain the incisors of the left side and the three 

 molars of the right side. The crowns of the teeth are 

 very much worn down, especially those of the front teeth. 

 The wear on the lower lateral incisor has been from side 

 to side and not from before backwards. The degree of 

 wear corresponds in general to No. 3 of Broca's scale. 

 Every one of the nine teeth present is more or less af- 

 fected by caries, these being unusually large in the molars 

 of the lower jaw. 



TRUNK. 



The vertebrae and ribs are of the usual number. The 

 first rib is extremely short and atavistic, even after making 

 due allowances for the general slightuess of the skeleton. 

 The sternum presents no peculiarity whatever. Like the 

 other bones of the skeleton it is slight, short and very 

 narrow. The length of the manubrium is 47 mm. and the 

 greatest width 50 mm. The length of the body is 99 mm. 

 Thus the general rule prevails here, the body of the ster- 

 num in males being a little more than double the length 

 of the manubrium. The clavicle is short, thick, massive 

 and only measures 118 mm. in length, whereas a length 

 of 145 mm. for a European clavicle would not be exces- 

 sive. 



Scapula. — The body of both right and left scapulce is 

 exceedingly delicate and thin, so much so that there occur, 

 especially in the left, numerous irregular foramina, there 

 being one in the supra-spinous region with a diameter of 

 15 mm. There is also, in the left scapula, a large oval 

 foramen in the centre of the spine just where it is differ- 



