Canadian Forestry Journal, June, 1919 



257 



a snow-trap or space to hold snow-drifts in 

 winter. This space can be utilized to ad- 

 vantage for many purposes during the summer 

 season. The outside belt on the north and west 

 may consist of either one or two rows of such 

 trees as maple, willow or caragana. Trees like 

 Cottonwood or ash, which do not grow thick at 

 the bottom, should never be used for this out- 

 side belt. 



Such a plan may require several years to 

 complete, the ornamental grounds being pos- 

 sibly the last portion to be developed. To 

 plant according to this plan the owner would 

 require to use from 5,000 to 6,000 seedlings 

 and cuttings, besides such shrubs as might be 

 needed later for the lawns. 



It must be clearly understood, however, that, 



though these suggestions are made by the For- 

 estry Branch, it would be an impossible task for 

 the Department to supply sufficient trees to 

 complete such a plan as above outlined. 



A limited number of trees and cuttings are 

 sent out each season from the Nursery Station 

 at Indian Head, permitting of an average dis- 

 tribution of from 700 to 800 trees to each ap- 

 plicant in two successive seasons, making a 

 total of from 1,400 to 1,600 plants. Beyond 

 this the farmer must rely uppn his own re- 

 sources for further developing his plantation. 

 Planting material may now be purchased at 

 reasonable prices from common nurseries oper- 

 ating in the West, or the farmer may quite 

 easily grow his own stock from seed or cuttings 

 taken from the older belts of trees. 



THE PEOPLE'S RIGHTS IN WESTERN FORESTS 



(From Report on "Forestry on Dominion Lands", by J. H. White, 

 M.A., B.Sc.F., Commission of Conservation's "Forest 

 Protection in Canada") 



"License conditions agreed to each year pro- 

 vide for renewal 'subject to the payment of such 

 rental and dues and to such terms and con- 

 ditions as are fixed by the regulations in force 

 at the time renewal is made' This is a yearly 

 warning, and changes have been made from 

 time to time in the conditions attached to Dom- 

 inion licenses The enforcement of cutting re- 

 gulations in the interest of the next crop would 

 be no hardship, considering Dominion timber 

 charges in comparison with other parts of Can- 

 ada, and the increased value of stumpage since 

 purchase Besides, in the case of berths held 

 for increment in value, the operator, through the 

 natural growth, becomes the owner of wood 

 product which was not on the berth at the 



time of purchase, and which was not represent- 

 ed in the original bonus he paid 



"What may be done is necessarily a financial 

 compromise between what is best for the forest 

 and the market conditions of the lumbering in- 

 dustry At the outset no changes are needed 

 in the license conditions. All that is necessary 

 is to take advantage of them. The modern 

 viewpoint in timberland administration is a 

 working for continuity of crop, and the Domin- 

 ion timber regulations make ample provision for 

 this, as was shown in the discussion of the 

 license clauses. But the carrying out of cutting 

 regulations requires an adequate trained force 

 in the woods, and not a handful of men with 

 multitudinous office duties as well." 



BETTER DAYS FOR THE MERIT SYSTEM 



In an article by Dr. C. D. Howe on "A Land 

 of Forests Without Forestry", in the May issue 

 of the Forestry Journal, the evil of political pat- 

 ronage in the forest services of Canada was 

 discussed in such a way as to give readers an 

 impression that patronage still held sway in the 

 field service of the Dominion Forestry Branch. 

 As the Journal has previously pointed out, the 

 patronage evil was effectually uprooted from 

 the Dominion Forestry Branch many months 



ago by placing all appointments under author- 

 ity of the Civil Service Commission. Since 

 then, the keenest critic of "pull" in public ap- 

 pointments has had little cause to complain. 

 The spirit of the new legislation has been closely 

 followed. The Journal believes that the Do- 

 minion Government ought to be excluded from 

 the sweep of Dr. Howe's criticism, as regaids 

 patronage interference. 



