Canadian Forestry Journal, September, 19/9 



343 



evolved for distributing and displaying them. 

 Scattering on the ground is wasteful as it is 

 soon covered by snow and is not found by 

 inhabiting species. Shelters can be made 

 where ground feeders can be fed and the food 

 protected from snow. Shelves can be set on 

 low posts, some times with weather vane attach- 

 ment to present the shelter to the storm. Mix- 

 ture of various food components with suet, or 

 suet alone, can be tied to tree branches or 

 fastened with various devices. Window shelves 

 are also popular as feeding stations as they 

 bring the hungry banqueters close under obser- 

 vation and are easy to renew or keep free of 

 snow. To list and describe all the details that 



ingenuity have found practical for this work 

 would take much more space than can be spared 

 here. Fuller information can be found in other 

 publications, notably those published by the 

 United States Department of Agriculture and 

 by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, which 

 can be obtained at a nominal cost. I would 

 particularly like to recommend Harold Baynes' 

 Wild Bird Guests,^ a perusal of which with its 

 practical demonstration of what may be ac- 

 complished is an inspiration and example to all 

 who love nature and desire to have her on 

 friendly terms about them. 



*Publi.shed by A. E. Dutton, New York. 



t-N 



Stubs, like those in the photograph at the left, prevent the bark from growing over the wound 



and healing it, as it is doing in the centre picture. The bark wound at the right 



is healing properly, and in a few years will be hardly noticeable. 



THE CARE OF BARK WOUNDS IN TREES 



By C. L. Meller. 



Bark wounds endanger the life of a tree more 

 than most people realize. This is due to the 

 fact that all the nourishment the tree receives 

 is carried in the thin green layer just under the 

 bark. When the bark is injured, the flow of 

 the sap in the green, or cambium, layer is 

 stopped, and the tree fails to receive the proper 

 nourishment. Bark wounds may be of many 

 kinds, but among the most serious are those 

 caused by cutting off limbs improperly. 



In removing a limb, the cut must be made as 

 close to the trunk or branch from which the 

 limb grows as is possible. If the work is done 

 so that a stub remains, it is impossible for the 

 bark to grow over the cut end. The stub then 

 dies and the decay is carried into the trunk or 

 branch itself. By cutting the limb off close to 

 the trunk, the new bark, with the cambium 

 layer underneath, gradually grows inward over 

 the cut part, in a narrowing circle, until the 



