390 



Canadian Forestry Journal, October, 1919 



Already, it has been shown, by the Laurentide 

 Company, for example, that birch can be suc- 

 cessfully used in mixture with spruce and 

 balsam in the manufacture of groundwood pulp 

 for newsprint. There is also a good market 

 for hardwood lumber. 



The determination of what cutting regula- 

 tions are necessary, in order to ensure the ade- 

 quate reproduction of the forest on cut-over 

 lands, is a problem which will tax the best 

 efforts of both the forestry profession and the 

 operators. While the problem still awaits solu- 

 tion, it is being attacked by the Commission of 

 Conservation, the Dominion Forestry Branch, 

 the Quebec Forest Service, the New Brunswick 

 Forest Service, and by a number of the more 

 progressive pulp and paper companies, such as 

 the Laurentide, Abitibi, and Bathurst concerns. 

 The first three of these companies are, in ad- 

 dition, taking time by the forelock, by initiating 

 extensive planting programmes, to supplement 

 the natural growth on cut-over lands. The in- 

 auguration of similar work by other concerns 

 is more than likely. 



Canada's forest industries have experienced 

 a phenomenal growth. The value of the pro- 

 ducts of the lumber industry was, for example, 

 $115,884,905 in 1917, an increase of 68.40 

 per cent over 1915. The payroll of employees 

 on salaries and wages amounted in 1917 to up- 

 wards of $21,000,000, according to the Bureau 

 of Statistics. Census figures for the pulp and 

 paper industry show that in 1917 there were 

 83 mills in operation, with a production of 

 $96,340,327. The total cut of pulpwood ap- 

 that year was 3,122,188 cords, of which ap- 

 proximately one-third was exported to the 

 United States, presumably cut from freehold 

 lands. In the face of this large exportation, 

 valued at approximately $8,000,000, and the 

 exportation to the same country in the same 

 year of 473,849 tons of wood pulp, valued at 

 $23,049,292, the provinces of eastern Canada 

 are faced with a demand from United States 

 interests holding Canadian timber limits, for a 

 modification of the present restrictions upon 

 the exportation of pulpwood cut from Crown 

 lands. 



Drawing on Canada's Stores. 

 Already the United States supplies one-fifth 

 to one-third of its pulpwood requirements 

 and over 11 per cent (1917 statistics) of its 

 wood pulp requirements through importations 

 from Canada. If these growing requirements 

 are to be met continuously, in addition to meet- 



ing the increasing demands for pulp and paper 

 from Great Britain and other European coun- 

 tries, it is obvious that steps must be taken to 

 retain our forest lands in a continuously pro- 

 ductive condition. Canada is a pulp and paper 

 country par excellence, and the amount of busi- 

 ness she can do in the future will be limited 

 only by the supply of raw material. 



The importance of this viewpoint is also in- 

 dicated in the matter of provincial forest re- 

 venues. Quebec, for example, derived in 1917 

 a revenue from her Crown timber lands aggre- 

 gating $1,568,157. The corresponding figures 

 for Ontario were $1,695,703, and for New 

 Brunswick $443,848. All these may be great- 

 ly increased, if adequate attention is given to 

 maintaining the cut-over lands in a productive 

 condition, and if sufficient care is given to the 

 important matter of scaling methods. 



In the solution of the problem, every con- 

 sideration must, of course, be given the econ- 

 omic aspects of the situation, so that the reme- 

 dies shall be practical from the viewpoint of the 

 operator, as well as correct from the technical 

 aspect. The problem is by no means solved, 

 but there is at least great encouragement in 

 the fact that it is being attacked by the com- 

 bined efforts of both timber-owners and gov- 

 ernmental agencies. 



BEETLES ARE KILLING THE YELLOW FIR 

 IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. 



Dr. J. M. Swaine, Chief of the Division of 

 Forest Insects, Dominion Entomological Branch, 

 visited Victoria in the latter part of August, and 

 conferred with officials of the Provincial Forest 

 Branch with a view to securing provincial co- 

 operation with federal effort in destroying in- 

 sects noxious to timber. 



Bark beetles. Dr. Swaine stated, had been 

 killing the yellow pine in the interior for some 

 years. The federal authorities, however, had 

 been working out a suitable and practical 

 method of control, the object being to secure, 

 by proper logging operations, the removal at 

 once of certain infected trees, to clear out the 

 beetles and so prevent them from spreading 

 into the green timber. Conditions in Stanley 

 Park, Vancouver, Dr. Swaine asserted, had 

 greatly improved following the adoption of 

 methods of insect control by the Vancouver 

 Park Commissioners, after he had made an 

 exhaustive report some years ago. 



