Canadian Forcdry Journal, December, 1919 



499 



I searched also for intermingling of roots and 

 evidences of frequency of root-graft in neigh- 

 boring areas where stump pulling and land 

 clearing operations were taking place, and care- 

 fully inspected many spots ni the local forests 

 in which intermingling of roots was to be seen. 

 While overseas I had especial opportunities of 

 noticmg whether m mtermmgling of roots, in- 

 arching and root grafting occurred among con- 

 ifers, since in England and France, the stumps 

 were usually removed after the felling of the 

 trees. The results of these observations and 

 investigations seem to prove: 



Firstly — that m some species root-unions, 

 direct and indirect, with a tree possessing fol- 

 iage, cause heahng and overgrowth to occur on 



the stump of the tree felled, but in other species 

 do not do so. I have never been able to learn 

 of or to discover a healed stump quite isolated, 

 which thorough investigation did not prove 

 to have direct or indirect root-union with a 

 standing tree retaining its crown. 



Secondly — that roots of the same tree or of 

 a similar species of tree, can intermingle with- 

 out intergrafting. Natural grafting, however, 

 readily occurs through or by friction and pres- 

 sure when roots of a single tree or of two 

 separate trees of the same species are brought 

 into contact by their increase in size, by elonga- 

 tion in growth, or where the tap-root of one 

 tree in descending meets the secondary root of 

 another tree spreading horizontally. 



Here we see a sium|> of ;i ( 'alil'niiiia Si>iiuoi;i ir 



wiuiUy iMVercil over witli a oip of live wooil. 



